--- Piotr Gasiorowski <
gpiotr@...> wrote:
> The Germanic oblique forms are:
>
> 1du. Goth. ugkis, OIc. okkr, OE/OFris./OSax. unc
> 2du. Goth. igqis, OIc. ykr, OE/OSax. inc, Bavarian
> enk
>
> The PGmc. forms were respectively *unk(w)- and
> *inkw- (the dat. ending
> *-iz is from the dat.pl.). The former may come
> directly from PIE
> *n.h3we, possibly with a change of *h3 > *g > k
> between a resonant and
> *w ("Cowgill's Law"), or perhaps from reduplicated
> *n.h3w(e)-n.h3(we) >
> *unwun > *ungun ("Seebold's Law") > *unk- (Grimm's
> Law). The origin of
> *inkw- is... well... mysterious. It may have been
> influenced by the
> pattern of 1pl. *unsiz, 2pl. *izwiz, but the 2pl.
> form is difficult to
> explain too.
The forms from PIE *us+ became *yus+ by
contamination from *yu: then much later u>i after
initial y if followed by certain C (similarly after CY
and before CCC and i>u after CW and before CCC as well
as a few other environments).
*uNWkWiz > *uNkiz in Gothic by a rule that KW>K
before or after u/o (kaurus, -uh).
The laryngeal > stop changes involve a whole series
of specific intrmediate stages including:
x(W/Y) > G(W/Y) / +voice_+voice
M > w / fric_
GW> NW / [*nasal]_M>w
w > GW / i_r
w > GW / u_m
w > GW / u_V?
G > g / a_w
G > g / ai_u
GW > gW / i_r
GWw > gW / C_
NWw > NWgW
n,xWMè ... uxWMè .. daiwr+ .. staxwó+
n,xWMè .. juxWMè .. daiwr+ .. staxwó+
n,GWMè .. juGWMè .. daiwr+ .. staGwó+
n,GWwè .. juNWwè .. daiwr+ .. staGwó+
n,GWwè .. juNWwè .. daiwr+ .. staGwó+
n,GWwè .. juNWwè .. daiGWr+ . staGwó+
n,GWwè .. juNWwè .. daiGWr+ . stagwó+
n,GWwè .. juNWwè .. daigWr+ . stagwó+
n,gWè ... juNWwè .. daigWr+ . stagwó+
n,gWè ... juNWgWè . daigWr+ . stagwó+
>
uNWkWé .. juNWkWé . taikWr+ . stakwá+
uNWkWí .. juNWkWí . taikWr+ . stakwá+
uNWkWí .. jiNWkWí . taikWr+ . stakwá+
etc.
____________________________________________________________________________________
Don't pick lemons.
See all the new 2007 cars at Yahoo! Autos.
http://autos.yahoo.com/new_cars.html