r, syllabic r
r. retroflex r
R voiceless r
T voiceless interdental fricative
G voiced velar fricative
I suspected the existence of a retroflex series of
consonants in PIE because of positions where *er
existed instead of expected *r, such as *peter "wing,
feather" and *gWertí- "act of consumption". The
solution was *t./d. > R/r after a vowel except when
syllable structure wouldn't allow it. Therefore:
d.ód.u (as dhódhn^ "milk")
d.ór.u
wood
pet!et. pt!e-t.n,g-
pet!eR. pt!e-t.n,g- (V-rn, not allowed)
wing, feather
gWet.- mut.- bHót.ó-
gWeR.- muR.- bHóR.ó-
be swallowed die burden
Attempting to confirm this, I looked for evidence
where supposed *d occurred as r or dr in some
languages (pointing to *d. instead). I found various
examples, some shown below:
d.ód.u and d.ed.nom >
d.ór.u and d.end.om >
d.ór.u and d.end.om > dan.d.a-"staff,rod, etc." Skt
d.ór.u and d.end.om > déndron "tree, etc." Gk
pt!e-t.n,g- > pataga- Skt
pt!e-t.n,g- > ptérug- Gl
Greek has further changes of *t./d. > r after/before
nasals; whatever the other environment.
In Armenian *(d. > dz. before V initially) with
other regular changes applying (and sometimes
dissimilation).
In the eastern languages *(d. > dr. before V
initially) with other regular changes applying (and
sometimes dissimilation).
In the western languages nearly the opposite with R.
> t. and R. > r.t in Celtic and Germanic in some
positions (with other regular changes applying).
d.ód.u
d.ór.u
dr.ór.u
r.ór.u
ór.u (dissimilation)
aru
oru
or Tocharian
d.usmene:s
dr.usmene:s
etc.
Druhmin
lruhmin Bactrian "enemy"
d.us
d.us.
dz.us.
dz.uz.
duz. (dissimilation)
duG
tuG
tu:
tu
t&- Western Armenian "not"
d.ód.u
d.ór.u
dz.ór.u
dz.ór.u+n
ts.ór.un
tsórun
tsarun
tsarn
tsaRn
tsaR Western Armenian "tree"
mut.
muR.
mur.t
mwr,t
mr,t
mur.t
mur.tH
mur.T
mor.T Proto-Germanic
__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around
http://mail.yahoo.com