Piotr wrote:
> *ksud-ró- 'small, broken into small pieces' (Skt. ks.udrá- beside
> ks.un.n.á- < *ksud-nó- 'pulverised') from *kseud- 'crush' (cf.
> Slavic xudU 'meagre' < *ksoud-o-).
<alexandru_mg3@...> wrote:
> -----------------------------------------------------------
> a. "X-ro" = "Y" <=>
> -----------------------------------------------------------
> b. " 'the-nature-of(X) IS-DIFFERENT-FROM the-nature-of(Y)"
> and
> c. "Y is-ressembling/it-looks-like X"
> -----------------------------------------------------------
*kseud-/*ksud- 'to crush, to pound, to pulverise'
----------------------------------------------------
Skt. ks.ud-
- 'ks.ódati', to strike against, shake
- ã;. to move, be agitated or shaken
- fut. 'ks.otsyati' to stamp or trample upon : Caus. 'ks.odayati'
(impf. 'áks.odayat'), to shake or agitate by stamping RV. iv, 19, 4
- to crush, pound, pulverise
*ksud-o ; *ksoud-o <<initial meaning: the object resulted from
a 'to crush/to pulverise operation'>>
------------------------------------------------------------
Skt. ks.uda - m. flour, meal
Sl. xudU - small, insignificant, scanty
Lith ~siaudas - straw (My note: I'm not sure that Lith. ~siaudas
belong here)
NOTE: Piotr, the Slavic meaning of ksudU 'small' cannot be
considered <<The PIE Original Meaning>> of *ksoud-o/*ksud-o because:
a. the meaning of Sanskrit ks.uda is 'flour, meal'
( b. the meaning od Lith. ~siaudas is 'straw' )
*ksud-nó <initial meaning: 'crushed, pulverised' (Please
remember also my rule: 'X-no' <=> 'the-result-of' X-action where X
here is ='to crush, to pulverised, to broken is small pieces'>>
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Skt. ks.un.n.á
- mfn. stamped or trampled upon
- pounded, bruised, crushed, pulverised ? broken to pieces,
shattered, pierced
- violated (as a vow)
- practised, exercised (as the body)
- thought over repeatedly, reflected on again and again
- one versed in sacred science but unable to explain or teach it
- defeated, overcome
*ksud-ró <initial meaning: 'similar-with' an object resulted from
a 'to crush/pulverise operation: 'very small'>>
--------------------------------------------------------------
Skt. ks.udrá f (a:)
- minute, diminutive, tiny, very small, little, trifling
- mean, low, vile
- wicked (said in joke)
- niggardly, avaricious
- cruel
- poor, indigent
- m. a small particle of rice
[My note: Note that the rice is not obtained by a pulverisation or
other 'to crush, to broke'-methods]
- = -roga (q.v.)
- = -panasa (q.v.)
- (-a:), f. a kind of bee
- a fly, gnat L
- a base or despicable woman
- a maimed or crippled woman
- a whore, harlot
- a dancing girl
- a quarrelsome woman
- N. of several plants (Solanum Jacquini, also another
variety of Solanum, Oxalis pusilla, Coix barbata...)
- n. a particle of dust, flour, meal
See also the compounds where is no trace of 'pulverised'
or 'crushed' objects: Only the meaning '(very) small' appears:
ks.udrakan.t.aka:ri: -> f. a species of small prickly nightshade
(Solanum Jacquini) L
ks.udrakan.t.aki: -> f. 'having small thorns', a variety of
Solanum
ks.udrakambu -> m. a small shell
ks.udrakarman -> acting in a low or vile manner
ks.udrakalpa -> m. 'the smaller ritual', N. of a class of
works
Conclusion:
-----------
*ksud-ró is not 'a broken, a crushed or a pulverised' object (as
*ksoud-o is) or a 'pulverised'-property/status (as *ksud-nó) (it has
a different nature) BUT is 'as-small-as' ('similar-with') the object
obtained by 'pulverisation' or by 'a broken to pieces'-action
The PIE Meaning of *ksud-ró:
--------------------------------
*ksud-ró 'as-small-as a pulverised object'
Finally, the difference betweeen *ksud-nó *ksud-ró based on all the
above meanings is an important one ...
Marius