--- In
cybalist@yahoogroups.com, "Patrick Ryan" <proto-
language@...> wrote:
>
>
>
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "Francesco Brighenti" <frabrig@...>
> To: <cybalist@yahoogroups.com>
> Sent: Tuesday, November 08, 2005 6:09 AM
> Subject: [tied] Re: Proto Vedic Continuity Theory of Bharatiya
(Indian)
> Languages
>
>
>
>
>
> <snip>
>
> > The start date of 6500 > BCE relates to the find of the burial of
> a woman at Mehergarh wearing > wide s'ankha bangle and s'ankha
> ornaments. (s'ankha = turbinella pyrum > which is native and
> indigenous to the coastline of bharatam and an > industry which
> continues even today in Gulf of Mannar (Tiruchendur, >
> Ki_r..akkarai) and the s'ankha dvi_pa near Surat, Gujarat. S'ankha
is
> > a metaphor which defines early hindu civilization and the work of
> > riverine, maritime people in evolving this civilization from
Nahali
> > base (Tapati river valley not far from Bhimbhetka)
>
>
> ***
> Patrick:
>
> For whatever it may be worth to however few, my own work suggests
the the
> most ancient word I can reconstruct for 'property' was *HHA-KXHO,
> 'sea-shell', reflected in, among other languages, PIE *e:ik-,
Sumerian ak,
> and Egyptian jx.t.
>
> ***
The thread is probabaly going to get off topic for Cybalist. Thanks
to the moderator for approving this one.
This is a remarkable insight from Patrick Ryan. Thanks, Patrick.
In our view, this authenticates protovedic continuity theory since
s'ankha is related to an industry and a cultural metaphor of
extraordinary significance for bharatam janam.
Is sangam in Tamil relatable to s'ankha in Vedic (s'ankha
kr.s'a_nah 's'ankha bowman' -- Rigveda, Atharvaveda) and to
sak 'conch' (Santali)? Sanga is a priest in Sumerian; sanghvi_ is a
pilgrim-leader in Gujarati. No wonder s'ankha nidhi is one of the
nava-nidhi of Kubera.
In Sumerian -ak numeric suffix /Götz (ng>k)
http://www.turulmadar.hu/hunok/Szum-a.html
Cowries (<kaud.i in Hindi) could be early numeric counters; cowries
later become monetary units. Sumerian form 'ak' is relatable to
sak 'conch, turbinella pyrum' (Santali) The surprising find by
Kenoyer is that turbinella pyrum is indigenous to hindumahasagar,
and is a species which does not occur anywhere else excepting Makran
coast (south of Karachi), Gulf of Kutch, Gulf of Khambat and Gulf of
Mannar (Ki_r..akkarai, Tiruchendur). Hence, names such as s'ankha
dvi_pa (Skt.), s'angu kul.ittal 'pearl diving' (Ta.)
The early words for s'ankha in bharatiya languages:
1423 Ma. kakka shell, cockle. Te. kaki cippa a bivalve shell. Kol.
kake (Kin.) shellfish, (Pat., p. 35) shell of snail. Nk. kake
shellfish, snail. / ? Cf. Skt. kakini-, kakini- a small coin; (lex.)
the shell Cypraea moneta.
ka_kin.i_ f. a small coin or a small sum of money equal to twenty
Kapardas or cowries , or to a quarter of a Pan.a Pancat. Das. ; a
seed of the Abrus precatorius used as a weight ; the shell Cypraea
moneta or a cowrie used as a coin.
cokak, coklak = shell; gongha = snail's shell (Santali) sak, sa~k
ghonga, sa~k rokoc = a conch (Santali)
s'an:khaka_ra, s'an:khaka_raka shell-worker (Skt.); sa~_k(h)a_ri
maker of conch-shell bracelets (B.); san:kha_ri shell-worker (Or.)
(CDIAL 12265). san:kha,sankha a wrist ornament made of shell worn by
women (Santali.lex.) Image: conch: s'an:kha conch-shell (AV.);
s'an:khaka (MBh.); san:kha conch, mother-of-pearl (Pali); sam.kha
conch (Pkt.); sam.khiya_ small conch (Pkt.); san:ghi_ a kind of
bracelet (S.); sa~_kh conch-shell (B.); sa~_kha_, sa~_ka_, se~kha_
conch bracelet (B.); san:kha_ (Or.); sa_m.kha conch-shell (OAw.);
san:kh (H.); sak-a, hak-a (Si.); san:khu conch (S.); sa~_kh, sa~_k
(Ku.)(CDIAL 12263). s'a_n:khini_, s'an:khini_ mother-of-pearl (Skt.)
(CDIAL 12380). ha_ngi snail (K.); sa~_khi possessing or made of
shells (B.); ho~gi pearl oyster shell, shell of any aquatic mollusc
(K.); ha_ngi snail (K.)(CDIAL 12380). can:ku chank, conch, large
convolute shell, turbinella pyrum, of four kinds: it.am-puri, valam-
puri, calacalam, pa_cacan-n-iyam (Tiv. Periyati. 1,8,1);
s'an:khutiri cork-screw; can:ku-p-par-aiyar a pariah sub-caste whose
men act as conch-blowers at funerals; can:ku-val.ai shell-bracelets
(Net.unal. 36, Urai); can:ku_ti convener of a village committee for
settling disputes ( G.Sm.D. I,i,181); conch-blower (Ta.lex.)
Wristlet: sakom a wristlet; san:kha a wristlet of shell
(Santali.lex.) Image: bracelet: san:katam bracelet worn on the upper
arm ( Tiruvil.ai. Ma_n.ik. 12)(Ta.); san:katam id. (Ma.); san:kata
(Ka.Skt.); san:gadamu (Te.)(T.E.D.)
http://www.hindunet.org/saraswati/Indian%20Lexicon/shell.htm
The earliest s'ankha artefacts have been reported from a burial at
Mehergarh, dated stratigraphically to 6500 BCE. And, this s'ankha
bangle-making, conch-making industry continues to the present day in
bharatam. This was a PhD thesis of Prof. Kenoyer and exquisite
photographs have been presented in his Ancient Cities of the Indus
Valley.
http://spaces.msn.com/members/sarasvati97 has an album which
includes the photo of a s'ankha bowman operating in Kolkata
producing s'ankha bangles without which no Bengali marriage is
complete !
Dr. Kalyanaraman