Re: ka and k^a [was: [tied] *kW- "?"]

On Fri, 23 Sep 2005 17:57:04 -0500, Patrick Ryan
<proto-language@...> wrote:

>----- Original Message -----
>From: "Miguel Carrasquer" <mcv@...>
>> If "Brian's impression" refers to the well-known
>> preglottalization of final stops in English, the following
>> reference may serve to illustrate the point for American
>> English:
>>
>> (From: "Perception and representation of regular variation:
>> The case of final /t/, Meghan Sumner, Arthur G. Samuel,
>> http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/~adaptation/sdarticle.pdf):
>>
>> >For example, word-final /t/ can be produced
>> >in citation form with a fully released coronal stop,
>> >as a glottalized coronal stop that is coarticulated with
>> >both coronal and glottal place with no audible release,
>> >and as a glottal stop (e.g., the medial sound in the English
>> >word uh-oh). While it is generally accepted by linguists
>> >that these variants are common in American
>> >English, there is little research supporting this claim.
>
>***
>Patrick:
>
>So, it appears, that Ladefoged's prescription

description

>are basically unsupported by data. Just as I suspected.

There is probably _little research_ into the matter because
there is generally little point in researching the obvious.
The preglottalization in English (AE and RP) is obvious to
anybody without a tin ear and with a little training in
phonetics.

>***
>
>> >There is evidence that these three variants are regularly
>> >occurring in the Long Island dialect of American English
>> >(Huffman, personal communication, September 7,
>> >2004), the population examined in our study. Huffman
>> >(1998) found that all three variants occur regularly in
>> >the Long Island dialect of American English. Furthermore,
>> >at the end of an intonation phrase (i.e., word-final
>> >position before a pause), 70% of final-/t/ words are produced
>> >as glottalized stops, with both coronal and glottal
>> >articulation. The remaining 30% of final-/t/ words are
>> >split between the canonical [t] and the glottal stop.
>
>***
>Patrick:
>
>What I get from this is a contradiction of the assertions made by Ladefoged
>who makes a following consonant necessary to fulfill the conditions for [t]
>into [?].

No. What Ladefoged says is that "most Americans and many
British speakers" have [?] in kitten, that London Cockney
has [?] in butter, and that "many speakers in both countries
have a glottal stop just before final voiceless stops in
words such as "rap, rat, rack"."

>Here, a pause is necessary.

No. "All three variants occur regularly".

>And even then, in only _15%_ of the
>instances does [t] become [?] - in the _Long Island_ area. Anyone who has
>been to Long Island will doubt whether it is, in any way, typical of
>America.

Who said: "No American English dialects reduce final /t/ to
/?/"?



=======================
Miguel Carrasquer Vidal
mcv@...