Re: [tied] Re: Schwa (Was PIE Reconstruction)

From: Miguel Carrasquer
Message: 39159
Date: 2005-07-10

On Sat, 09 Jul 2005 19:46:59 -0500, Patrick Ryan
<proto-language@...> wrote:

> ----- Original Message -----
> From: Miguel Carrasquer<mailto:mcv@...>
> Yeah, he [Pokorny] says that the Hittite and Tocharian forms are not
> related, which is unacceptable.
>
> The reconstruction *g^hðo:m is a past station, nobody
> belives in that anymore.
>
> ***
> Patrick:
>
> So what if Hittite and Tocharian are related or unrelated. Both could
> have easily independently metathesized the word as have inherited it for
> a mutual source.
>
> Actually, that is the way it looks to me - independent. If they had a
> common source, why has Tocharian lost the root-vowel (tkaM) while Hittite
> has retained it (tekan) - if it has?

Indeed this is a major argument in favour of *dheg^h-.

> ***
>
>
> > The order dental-velar is proven by Hittite <tekan> and
> > Tocharian A <tkam.>. That's conclusive.
> >
> > ***
> > Patrick:
> >
> > So, two examples (you like) trumps two examples (I like).
>
> Of course. Metathesis *dhgh- > *ghdh- is trivial,
> velar-to-dental clusters being easier to pronounce than
> dental-to-velar ones ["harmonic clusters"] (see Gamqrelidze
> and Ivanov or Gamqrelidze and Machavariani for parallel
> phenomena in Kartvelian). The Hittite form, on the other
> hand, shows the consonants in their original order with an
> intervening vowel. There is no reason whatsoever for
> Hittite to have metathesized *g^hedh- to *dheg^h-, so
> *dheg^h- is the original order. As confirmed by Tocharian
> <tk->, and by *g^h- (with loss of the initial consonant, as
> expected) in Sanskrit (jmas, gmas), Avestan, Balto-Slavic,
> Greek (khamai), Latin, Germanic, Tocharian...
>
> ***
> Patrick:
>
> "Of course"? Ah yes, argumentum ex superbiâ.
>
> And, of course, Pokorny agress with Benvenise not with you:
> ". . . ich würde die hitt. und toch. Formen mit Benveniste
> lieber fernhalten."

Not even you believes that. It is absolutely clear that
Hitt. <tekan> and TochA <tkam.> are related to each other
and to the other "earth" words (BS *zem-, Av. zam-, Skt.
ks.a:, jmas/gmas, Grk. khtho:n etc.)

> "Easier to pronounce" - is that what you think motivates metathesis?

Yes.

> As we covered in an earlier round of comments, both (dhgh and ghdh)
>are equally "easy" for a native speaker.

Apparently not for native speakers of Ancient Greek (*titko:
> tikto:). The harmonic cluster /kt/ is generally easier to
pronounce than the inharmonic cluster /tk/.

> As far as the referenced Georgians are concerned, if they wrote that
>the sun had come up this morning, I would withhold judgment until I
>looked out the window for an accurate answer.

Gamkrelidze and Machavariani are the authors of the standard
work on Proto-Kartvelian (Sonant'ta sist'ema da ablaut'i
Kartvelur enebshi, 1965).

> "There is no reason whatsoever for Hittite to have metathesized *g^hedh- to *dheg^h-."
>
> There is also no reason whatsoever for Greek to have metathesized and zero-graded *dheg^h- to
> *g^h(e)dh-!

Yes there is: Greek always metathesizes clusters like this
(tikto:).

> Now you introduce a rule that in initial consonantal clusters, the
>_first consonant_ will be eliminated if either is. How about a few
>more examples of that unrelated to this root?

It's plain phonetics: in an initial cluster of two stops,
the first one will tend to be unreleased and practically
devoid of phonetic identity, while the second one will be
truly plosive and clearly recognizable by the formant
transitions happening in the following vowel. Other things
being equal, one would expect the second stop to be more
stable over time.

In any case, I don't think the "thorn-clusters" represent a
problem in Indo-European linguistics anympore. The issue
has been resolved: they come from (pre-)PIE inharmonic
clusters tk/dg/dhgh (c.q. pk/bg/bhgh). A clear example
outside initial position is *h2artkos "bear" = Hitt.
hartagga. In retrospect, it's hard to understand what all
the fuss was about: it's not as if a Greek verb form like
tikto:, with uncontestable metathesis, is an obscure aspect
of the Greek language.

=======================
Miguel Carrasquer Vidal
mcv@...