--- In
cybalist@yahoogroups.com, "P&G" <G&P@...> wrote:
> >the question is
> > really the age of 'facio:' + verbal noun. Judging from 'cale
facio:'
> > and 'a:re facio:' it's old.
>
> You have failed to prove the existence of any verbal nouns cale:
and are:.
> They are simply compounding forms (bound morphemes) from the verbs
areo and
> caleo.
They are old instrumentals of root nouns used in combination
with 'make' to denote the predicate, i.e. that which something is
made into. This is the essive or translative use of the iE
instrumental, and the construction is the one which is called "cvi"
by Panini and is now haunting IE studies under the name Caland.
In its "classical" form, the construction transforms o-stem
adjectives into a form with -i: when used as the predicate of the
Sanskrit verbs kr-, bhu:- and as-. kru:rá- 'bloody' forms kru:ri:
karoti 'makes bloody'. From a root noun we have Lat. rube-
facio: 'make red', based on the stem seen in OIr. rú 'red plant, red
material'. The forms *kruH2ríH1 + *kWer- and *H1rudh-éH1 + *kWer-
(or *dheH1- 'render'?) are instrumentals meaning 'being/becoming
bloody/red'. The passage of the thematic vowel of *kruH2ró-s to -i-
in the first part of a compound-like collocation is as in compounds
with *dwi- 'two-, bi-'. The short /-e/ of rube- is iambic shortening
as in bene, ego etc.
One special connection of the cvi-formations is with s-stems which
replace their stem-forming suffix with -i: in Sanskrit, and
apparently by -e(-) in Latin. Practically all stative verbs form s-
stems denoting the state as a noun, cf. calor 'heat'. For a root a:s-
, ending in /s/, this may have been uncomfortable.
Jens