I have a few questions that I hope any of you might answer:
1. Is there a PIE origin of the Sanskrit passive formation in -ya'-, added to the Sanskrit "unstrengthened" root (i.e. zero grade of *e plus resonant, e-grade of *e plus obstruent)? Or is this a Sanskrit innovation, and if so, what then is its origin?
2. What is the origin of the Sanskrit 3rd person passive aorist, formed of the "strengthened" root (full grade of *e plus resonant plus obstruent, lengthened grade of *e plus single consonant) plus -i, with prefixed augment (e.g. abodhi)? It is unusual that it only occurs in the 3rd person singular.
3. What is the origin of the Germanic ingressive (or is it "inchoative" or "inceptive"?) verb endings -nan (Gothic), -na (Old Norse), etc.? Is it related to the perfect passive participle, Gothic -ans, ON -inn (and further to Sanskrit perfect passive participles in -na)? Or is it an independent formation, and if so, what is its IE provenance?
All replies much appreciated.
Andrew