IE "River": a short addendum, from Pokorny

From Pokorny:

Root / lemma: ā̆p-2

Meaning: water, river

German meaning: `Wasser, Fluß'

Comments:

It seems that from Root / lemma: akʷā- (more properly ǝkʷā): ēkʷ- : `water, river' [through the shift gʷ > b, kʷ > p attested in Greek, Illyrian and Celtic languages] derived Root / lemma: ab- : (water, river) and Root / lemma: ā̆p-2 : `water, river'.

Material: Old Indian ā̆p- f. `water', e.g. Pl. Norn. ā́paḥ, Akk. apáḥ, Gen. apā́m, av. Nom. Sg. āfš, Akk. Sg. āpǝm, Instr. Sg. apā(-ca), Old Indian ā́pavant- `watery', in older contraction with reduplication-stem in -i, -u auslaut prefixes (Kretschmer KZ. 31, 385, Johansson IF. 4, 137 f.) pratīpá- ` directed against the stream ', nīpá- ` low lying, deep-recumbent ', anūpá- ` situated, lying in water ', 

dvīpá- ` island, sand bank in the river ', antarīpa- `island'; the same contraction with in -o ending 1. part in gr. river names ᾽᾽῝᾽Iνωπός, ᾽Ασωπός ( : ἰνόω, ἄσις; Fick BB. 22, 61, 62); gr. `Ᾱπία `Peloponnes', Μεσσ-απία ds., lokr. Μεσσ-άπιοι, ill. Μεσσά̄πιοι (different Krahe ZONF. 13, 20 f.) and Āpuli of Lower Italy, river names ᾽Απιδών (Arcadia), ᾽Απιδανός (Thessaly), thrak. ῎Απος (Dacia), 

ill. ῎Αψος, Apsus, apul. PN Sal-apia (`saltwater '); here as vestiges ven.-ill. immigration part of the West German apa- names, as Erft (*Arnapia), and all FlN with -up-, as nhd. Uppia-Bach (Tirol), frz. Sinope (Manche), brit. harbour Rutupiae, sizil. Κακύπαρις (compare lit. Kakupis), compare the thrak. FlN ῝Υπιος, ῝Υπανις;

Old Prussian ape `river', apus `spring, fountain, stream, brook', lit. ùpė, lett. upe `water' (u is perhaps reduplication-stem from idg. o, a, Trautmann Bsl. Wb. 11; or belongs up- rather to Old Church Slavic vapa `sea'?). Here Ach- (*aps-) in cymr. FlN, gall. Axona? 

    Besides kelt.-lat. ab-, see below ab-.

     Johansson IF. 4. 137 f. goes to explanation the b-form from through ᾽Απιδών, ᾽Απιδανός as well as by Old Indian ábda-ḥ m. `cloud' and with āpaḥ paradigmatic welded together Instr. Dat. Pl. Old Indian adbhiḥ, adbhyaḥ, presumed stem *ap(ǝ)d- (perhaps ` giving water ', with dō- ` give ' belonging to the 2nd part) from: *abdō(n), Gen. *abdnés, from which *abnés; from obl. case arose from lat. amnis, was compensated during in Celtic *abdō(n) : *abnés to *abā (mir. ab), *abonā (hence mir. abann).

References: WP. I 46 f., WH. I 40, 846, Krahe Gl. 20, 188 ff., Pokorny Urillyrier 110 ff., 130 f., Krahe Würzburg. Jahrb. 1, 86 ff.

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