Hello/Intro and a Question on Particle *h1é
From: Doug Barr
Message: 33193
Date: 2004-06-09
Hello,
My name is Doug, and I just joined the list and am enjoying watching
the conversation zoom by overhead. :-) Learning is good! I have some
amateur knowledge and a fair bit of raw talent for languages and
linguistics, and PIE has always fascinated me.
I have a question that I hope hasn't been answered before - at 32000+
plus messages I didn't search the entire archive :-) - concerning the
use of the particle *h1é. If I'm reading my books right it was used to
signal the perfect, e.g. *h1é bhéret "he brought," but it seems that
one could use just the perfect *bhéret" on its own.
So my question is, is *h1é ever attested with present-tense form, e.g.
**h1é bhérei?
The reason I ask is that it occurred to me to wonder if the function of
*h1é might be semantically similar to the function of the inchoative
(?) "current relevance" particle 'la' of Cantonese; this is essentially
the same as 'le' in Mandarin, except that in Mandarin the perfective
verbal suffix is also '-le' and the two cannot occur next to each
other, whereas in Cantonese the two are distinct and can co-occur,
which makes things clearer.
In Cantonese, the particle 'la' at the end of the sentence in Cantonese
means that the situation has "come to be," i.e. it is "currently
relevant" or represents a change from a previous state. In the
following examples, 'ngóh' is "I/me," "jouh' is "do" and 'sih' is
literally "matter, affair" but the combination 'jouh sih' is a politer
word for "to work." So we have: ngóh jouh sih' "I work" (blanket
statement) vs. 'ngóh jouh sih la' "I work (now)" (I didn't use to,
perhaps); negative 'ngóh m`h jouh sih' "I don't work" (blanket
statement) vs. 'ngóh m`h jouh sih la' "i don't work now, I don't work
any more."
The particle '-jó' adds a perfective meaning - 'ngóh jouh-jó sih' "I
went-to work," 'ngóh jouhjó sih la' "I have gone to work," "I am at
work."
These indicate aspect, not tense. Mostly they indicate the past, but
they can appear in any tense: 'la' adds the meaning that the situation
is currently relevant or a new situation, or (with the future) that it
will be so at the time specified; '-jó' adds the meaning that the
action was/is/will be completed at the time specified.
So in PIE, IF the parallel is there, it would run *bhéret "he brought,
he did bring," *h1é bhéret "he (has) brought," *bhérei "he brings, he
is bringing" - then ***h1é bhérei "he is bringing now (but didn't use
to, or what he brought is still here and "currently relevant")?"
I hope this is not completely off the wall! Thanks for any comments or
corrections - learning is good, as I said.
Be well,
Doug