Albanian chronology [was: something else]

From: Miguel Carrasquer
Message: 28115
Date: 2003-12-08

Some more etymological info, as per Beekes.

1) -VDV- > -V (D=voiced stop) *deubhet > det "sea"

2) C1C2 > C2 (C1,C2=stop) *nokWt- > natë "night"

3) CN > N (C=stop, N=nasal) *supnos > *gjumë "sleep" (note
assimilation)

4) NT > ND *neun-ti > nëndë "9", but *septm.ti >
shtatë "7".

5) NS > S *penkWe > pesë "5", *memsom > mish
"meat"

6) VnV > VrV (Tosk) Gheg llãnë, Tosk llërë "lower arm"

7) an > ën (Tosk) Grk. paláme: > Tosk pëllëmbë

8) *ty, *k^y > s; *d(h)y > z *-tya: > -së (*h2ek^men-tya: > kmesë
"sickle"); *mon-yo- > mãz/mëz "foal"; *k^y- > so natë > sonte "tonight"

9) *kWe > se; *g(h)We > ze *kWel- > sjell "turn", *penkWe > pesë;
*gWe:rh3-na: > zorrë "intestines" [etym. insecure]; *gWherm- > zjarr "fire"
[but *h1en-gWhreh1-sk- > ngroh "(be) warm"]; *h1en-dhogWh-ei-e/o- > ndez
"make fire, kindle"

10) merger voiced asp./unasp.

11) *k^ > th; *g^(h) > d(h) *h2ok^- > ath(ët) "sour" [but *smek^ru
> mjekër chin, beard"]

12) *k^w > s; *g^(h)w > z *k^we:rna: > sorrë "crow"; *g^huonos >
zë "voice"

13) *k^l- > q; *g^l- > gj- *k^leh2u-nyo: > qaj (dial. klaj, kjaj)

14) sk > h -sk- > -h- (verbal suffix) [but:
before e/i: shq *sker- > shqer(r) "tear apart" ~ *skor- > harr "weed"

15) s > sh *septm. > shtatë, *Host- > asht
"bone", *h1es-m. > jeshë "I was"

16) s- > gj- *sek^s-ti > gjashtë "six"

17) -s > 0; sd(h) > dh; sw > w *mu:s > mi "mouse"; *swek^uro- >
vjehërr "father-in-law", *swe- > ve-të "self" [cf. 19: sw > d before the
stress?]; *g^hr.sd > drithë "grain", *guosd- > gjeth "leaves"; *h1eus-dya:
> ethe "fever"

18) sp > f *spor- > farë "seed', *spel- > fjalë
"word"

19) sw > d *swidro-tya: > dirsë "sweat',
*s(h2)wel- > diell "sun"

20) r > rr *wrh2d-n-ja: > rrënjë "root" [but:
*Hro:s- > resh "rain"]

21) l > ll; sl > ll *o(:)len- > llërë "lower arm" [perhaps
from Grk.?]; *h1usl- > *u:l- > yll "star"

22) -nj > -j *h1wobh-njo: > vej "weave"

23) r. > ri *g^hr.sd- > drithë "barley", *kWr.mi >
krimb "worm"

24) wl. > ul *wl.kWo- > ulk "wolf"

25) m. > a *septm. > shtatë, *-gWm.-sk-o: > n-gah
"to go"

26) y- > gj- *h1en-yeh3s- > ngjesh "to girt
oneself"

27) -y- > 0 *treyes > tre "3"

28) w- > v- *wet- > vjet "in spring"; *wos-ei-o: >
vesh "dress"

29) -w- > 0 *dhwo:r- > derë "door"

30) i > e before a: *dr.kW- > drik- > drekë "meal"

31) u > y before i *stud-njo: > shtyj "push"; *trudh-i- >
shtrydh "squeeze"

32) i: > i *trih2 > tri "3"(f)

33) u: > y *g^hu(:)slo > dyllë "wax"

33) -u: > -i mi "mouse", thi < *su:s "pig" [with
dissimilation of s-]

34) e > je *dheghW- > djeg "burn", etc.

35) je > ja [closed syll.] *h1eghs-tos > jashtë "outside"

36) je > i [unclear] **nepot- > nip "nephew/grandson",
*wet- > vit "year"

37) o > a natë, asht

38) a > e before i *h2lbhi > elb "barley"

39) e: > o *meh1t- > mot "year"

40) a: > o *mah2ter- > motër "mother"

41) o > ua/va/vo *a:tr- > vatër/votër "hearth" [<
Latin?]; *meh1ns- > muaj "month"

41) o: > e *no:s > ne "we", *nepotya: > mbesë

42) ei > i *g^heimen- > dimër

43) ai/oi > e *stoighos > shteg "path"; *aig^- > edh
"kid"

44) eu > e *skeud- > hedh "throw", *dheubet > det

45) au/ou > a *h2oug- > ag "dawn"; *klah2u-njo: >
qaj "cry, sleep"

46) au- > ve- [?] *h2aus- > vesh "ear"; *h2awyom > ve
"egg".


I had forgotten:

46) *g^(h) > d(h) *g^ombhos > dhëmb "tooth", *-leg^h- >
mb-ledh "assemble", *g^hesr- > *g^he:r- > dorë "hand", *g^heim- > dimër
"winter"; *úg^h- > udhë "road" [but: g^reh2u- > grua "woman" [etym.
uncertain]]

Beekes doesn't mention:

47) *wi(:)k^- > z- *wik^a:pot- > zot "lord";
*h1wih1dk^m.tih1 > (një-)zet "20"


=======================
Miguel Carrasquer Vidal
mcv@...