--- In
cybalist@yahoogroups.com, Delphine Froli
<delphineseigneur@...> wrote:
> Hello,
> I am interested in Dacian and Illyrian. Does anybody
> know about an illyrian or dacian lexicon, or
> phonological inventory, if possible on the internet ?
> Delphine
************
Illyrian Glossary according to Cyril Babaev
Illyrian Indo-European
alt- (a stream) (in Altus - a hydronym)
ap- (water, river) *Hap- 'water', 'river'
barba- (a swamp) (in Metubarbis - a toponym) Albanian berrak
(swampy soil), Sanskrit barburam (water), Greek borboros (slime)
benna (a woman) - Messapic *gwen- 'woman'
Bra' (brother! (vocative)) *bhra'te'r 'a brother'
brisa (husks of grapes)
Can- (a dog) *kwon- (a dog)
cleves- (famous) (in Vesclevesis - a personal name) *kleu- (to
hear, to listen), Latin clarus (famous), Greek kleos (fame)
Daunus (wolf ?) *dhaw- 'to suppress, to kill'
kork-, kerk- (an oak ?) (in Korkura, Kerkura - a place name) Latin
quercus 'oak', Venetic Quarqueni
lugo- (a pool)
mag- (great) *meg- (great)
mandos, mannus (a small horse) Breton menn (a small animal), Latin
mannus (a Gaulish horse)
Menzanas (a god to whome horses were given) Messapic see mandos
metu- (between) (in Metubarbis - a toponym) *medyo- (medium,
between)
oseriates (lakes) Slavic *ozero (a lake), Lithuanian ez'eras (a
lake)
Plo- (strong, powerful) *plu- (numerous)?
rinos (clouds)
sal- (salt) (in Salapia a river name) *sal- 'grey' dirty, salt'
sybina (a spear)
tertigio (a merchant) Slavic *türgü (a market), Lithuanian
tirgus,
Albanian trege" (a market)
teuta- (people, a tribe) "European" *teutá- (people, a tribe),
Oscan touta (a tribe), Gaulish teuto- (people)
ves- (kind, good) (in Vesclevesis - a personal name) *wesu- (good,
kind)
Daco-Thracian Glossary
Glossary:
achel- `water (noun), water (adj.)' [Lith. H Akele., Phryg.
akala `water'].
aiz- `a goat' [Armen. aic, Greek aix].
ala `current, stream' [Latv. H Alaja, Lith. ale.ti `flooded'].
alonhon 'a spear'
alta(s) `current, stream' [Illyrian RN Altus, Russ. (from Balt.) RN
Al'ta].
an(a) `at, on' [Avest. ana `along', Greek aná `at, along', Goth.
ana `at, towards'].
ang- `curved, twisting' [Old-Ind. ancati `a curve', Greek
ankos `valley, abyss'].
ant(i) `against' [Old-Ind. ánti `against, nearby, the Lith.
ant `towards, against', Toch. ánt `through', Greek antí `against',
etc.].
apa, aphus `water, river; a spring' [Old-Pruss. ape `river',
apus `spring', Old-Ind. ap- `water'].
apsa `aspen' [Altin apse `aspen', Old-Pruss. abse, Pol. osa (from
Proto-Slavic *apsá), Old-HighGerman aspa `aspen'].
argilos - 'a mouse'
arma `swamp, bog' [Lith. arma `bog, puddle', armuo, -ens `the same'].
ars- `to flow; current, river' [Old-Pruss. RN Arsio, Arse, Old-Ind.
árs,ati `to flow', Hitt. ar- `the same'].
arta(s), arda(s) `current. river' [Old-Ind. árdati `to flow', Greek
ardó `to bedew'].
arzas `white' [IE *arg'- (white, clear)].
asa(s) `stone', as(a)m `stony' [Old-Ind. as'man `stone; heaven',
Avest. asman- `the same', Pelasg. asáminthos (stone) bath', Lith.
akmuo, -ens `stone'].
asa `colt's foot (Tussilago farfara)'. That was its Bessian name
according to Dioskurides. It is related to the Lit. dial. asys `horse-
tail, Equisetum', Latv. ai, aas `horse-tail, sedge, rush', which
are probably related to the Latv. as, ass `sharp', Old-Bulg. ostrý,
Lit. atrus `sharp'.
asn - 'I, me' , [IE *eg'hom, Lit. a 'I, me'].
at `at, towards' [IE *ad-, Latin ad 'to, towards', Latv. ad `at,
towards', Old-Icel. at `at, opposite to'].
ath- `high, steep coast, a hill' [Greek akté `steep coast, peninsula,
cape'].
at(u) `current, stream' [Latv. RN Adula, German Attel, Avest. adu-
`current, stream, channel'].
balios 'white', [IE *bhel-].
bebrus `beaver' [Lith. bebrus `beaver', Old-Pruss. bébrus, Bulg. VN
Bebrovo, Old-HighGerman bibar, etc.].
bend- `to bind', marriage [Old-Ind. bándhana- `binding', Avest.
bandayaiti `to bind', Goth, Anglo-Saxon bindan, German binden `to
bind'].
beras `brown, swarthy' [Lith. be.ras `brown', Latv. bers `the same',
Old-HighGerman bero `a bear' (initially `brown')].
berga(s) `hill, bank' [Old-Icel. berg `mountain', Old-HighGerman
berg, German Berg `mountain', Old-Bulg. breg@, New-Bulg. brjag `bank,
coast'].
berza(s) `birch' [IE *bherg'- 'a birch', Lith. bérz'as, Latv. berzs,
Old-Pruss. berse, Russ. ber'oza, Bulg. breza `birch'].
bolinthos `wild bull, bison'. The word is attested in Aristotle,
according to whom that animal lived in the Messapian mountain, which
separated the country of the Peonians from that of the Maideans (a
Thracian tribe inhabiting the middle course of Struma and upper
course of Mesta), and that the Peonians called it mónapos. Therefore,
bolinthos was a Maidean, that is, a Thracian word. It is compared to
the German Bulle `bull' and is derived from the IE *bhun-ent.
bonassos 'a bull' [IE *gwou-, Latin bos, bovis 'a bull'].
bor- 'mountain' [in Huper-boreoi 'those living behind the mountain';
IE *Hegwr- 'hill, mountain'].
bredas `pasture-ground' [Russ. bred, bredina `pasture', bresti,
bredu `to cross by a ford', Balt. (Zhemait.) RN Bred-upja].
brentas (brendas) `deer' [Messap. bréndon `deer'].
bria `town' (Strab.; Steph. Byz. under the word of Messembria). Both
authors state the word was Thracian. It is often found as a second
component of Thracian settlement names, for example: Messembria,
Poltymbria, Sélymbria, Skedabria, etc. The Thracian `bria' is related
to the Toch. A ri, B riye `town (a refuge on a hill)' from the IE
*wrijá.
brilón - 'a barber', [Slavic *briti 'to shave', Old-Ind. bhrinati 'he
hurts', Persian burridan 'to cut'].
brink- `to swell' [Lith. brinkti [brinkstu) `to swell', Pol. na-
brekac' `the same'].
briza `spelt, rye' (Gal. de alim. facult. 1, 13/6 p. 514. Kühn). The
author (Galen) saw this plant in Thracia and in Macedonia and
concluded the word was Thracian. It is very probable. There are
several etymologies for this word, that of A. Fick being the most
acceptable one. A. Fick relates the Thracian briza to the Old-Ind.
vrihi-h, Pers. birinj, Afg. vriz'e `rice', Greek orinda=óryza `rice',
from which the Bulg. oriz. There is an alternative interpretation:
the Thracian bryza is related to the Lith. brizdis `ling', from the
stem of the verb brigzti `to be torn, to get unraveled'.
bruzas `quick' [Lith. bruz'as `somebody who runs to and fro', the
Slavic *b@...@, Bulg. br@...].
brynchós `guitar for the Thracians' (Hesych.). The word is related to
the Pol. brzek `a ringing, a tinkle', Ukr. brjak `a ringing, a
sound'.
brytos (masc.), bryton (neuter) `a kind of ale from barley, a beer'
(Archil. Hecat. and others), brutos (Hesych.), bryttion (Herodian.).
The word was used by the Thracians, the Peonians and the Phrygians.
bur, buris (boris) `man' [Alb. burrë `man'].
burt- (burd-) `a ford' [Slavic *brod@, Bulg. brod `a ford'].
búzas `a goat' [Avest. búza- `a goat'].
chalas `mud' [Old-Bulg. kal@, New-Bulg. kal `mud', Czech kal `swamp;
mud. soft soil'].
dama `settlement, place for settling' [Old-Ind. dháman- `place for
dwelling', Greek thaimós `house'].
daphas `a flood' [Lith. dapas `a flood', Norw. dial. dave `puddle,
pool'].
darsas (dersas) `brave, courageous' [Old-Pruss. dyrsos (pl.) `able,
brave', Avest. daryu- `brave, strong'].
datan (datas) `place, settlement' [Alb. datë `place, settlement].
dava - 'a town'
dentu- `clan, tribe' [Latv. gens `clan, tribe'].
dero, dur 'a stockade', [IE *dhwer- 'a door, a gate'].
desa(s), disa(s) `deity, god' [IE *deiwo-, Greek théos `a god'].
-didzos, -didza 'to create' [Russ. so-zdat 'to create', Lith.
z'iedz'iu 'I form, I mould', Goth. deigan 'to puddle', Old-Ind.
déhmi 'I plaster', Old-Pers. didá 'a fort', Greek teikhos 'a wall',
Latin fingo, fictus 'I puddle', Oscan feihúss 'walls'].
dinga `fertile ground' [Latv. dinga `fertile place', Old-Icel.
dyngia `dunghill'].
diza `fortress' [Avest. uz-daéza `a heaping, a fortification', Old-
Pers. didá, New-Pers. diz, déz `fortress'].
dón `place, country(side)' [Old-Ir. dú, Gen. don `place, country
(side)', Greek chthón `soil, land'].
douro- 'strong' [Celt. *duro-].
drenis `deer' [Alb. dre, dreni `deer'].
dul 'a house, a family'.
dumas `dark' [Lith. dúmas `dark, dark brown (for cattle)', Latv.
dúms `dark brown'].
dún- `hill, mountain' [Celtic *dunum 'a hill', Anglo-Saxon dún hill,
mountain', German Düne `dune'].
ebros 'a goat' [IE *kapro-, Gaulish gabro- 'a goat', Old Irish
gabor 'a goat', Irish gabhar].
e(i)b- `to flow, to drip' [Pelasg. eibó `to drip, to flow (out)'].
ermas `fierce, mad' [Alb. jerm `furious, mad'].
esko 'to eat' [IE *ed- 'to eat'].
esvas (ezvas), esb `a horse' [IE *ekwo- 'a horse'].
gagila 'a jackdaw' [Slavic *gala 'a jackdaw'].
gaidrus `bright, clear' [Lith. gaidrus `bright, clear (cloudless)',
Greek phaidrós `shining, bright, cheerful'].
gava(s) `county, countryside' [Goth. gawi `county', pre-Greek gaia,
Att. gé `land, region'].
genton 'a piece of meat'.
germas `warm, hot' [IE *gherm-, Old-Ind. gharmá- `heat', Armen.
j^erm'warm', Greek thermós `the same'].
gesa `stork kingfisher' [Old-Pruss. geeyse `kingfisher', Latv.
dzése `heron, kingfisher'].
gin- `to languish, to spoil, to dry out' [Old-Kurian Ginulle (a
stream), Latv. g'nins `to spoil, to languish'].
haimos (-on), *saimas (-an) `ridge, mountain chain' [Old-Ind. simán-
`ridge, boundary', Irish sím `chain'].
heris 'a hand' [IE *khesro- 'a hand', Greek kheir 'a hand', Hittite
kear 'a hand'].
ida (ide) `tree; forest' [Old-Ir. fid, Gen. fedo `tree, trees,
forest'].
iet(e)r (=jeter-) `quick, agile' [Old-HighGerman átar `quick', Latv.
atrs `quick'].
iltea 'a chosen woman'.
íl(u)- `silt, mud' [Greek ílys, -ýos `mud, silt', Church Slavic
il@ `the same'].
iúras (=júras) `water, river' [Lith. júra `a sea', Old-Nord.
úr `drizzle'].
kaba(s) `bog, swamp' [Engl. quab].
kalas `district, border region' [Lith. galas `end, border of a field,
meadow or forest', Latv. gals `neighbourhood'].
kalsas `dry, dried up' [Latv. kálst (-stu, -tu) `to dry up, to
wither'].
kamoles 'beloved'.
kapas `hill, slope' [Latv. kapa, kape `long mountain strip, dune,
slope', Lith. kopa `and hill, dune'].
kel(l)a `a spring' [Old-HighGerman quella, German Quelle `a spring'].
kenthas `a child, descendant' [Latv. re-cens `fresh, young, new',
with another suffix in the New-Bulg chedo `a child'].
kersas `black' [Lith. kéras `on black and white spots', Bulg.
cheren `black', Old-Ind. krsná `black, dark'].
ketri-, ketre- `four' [IE *kwetwores, Greek tetra `four', Cymr. pedry-
`four-fold', Lith. keturi, Latv. c'etri, Bulg. c'etiri `four'].
kik- `live, agile' [Anglo-Saxon cwicu, Old-Nord. kvikr, kykr `live,
agile', Engl. quick].
kiri- [or kira] `mountain', `forest' [Old-Ind. girí-h `mountain',
Avest. gairi- `the same', Lith. giria, gire `forest, wood'. Latv.
dzira `forest'].
knisa(s) `eroded place' [Lith. knisti `to dig'].
kupsela `a heap, a hillock' [Lith. kupse.lis `heap, hillock'].
kurp- `to burrow' [Lith. kurpti (-i?) `to burrow', Russ. korpat' `to
burrow'].
kurta `groove, wood' [Old-Pruss. korto `groove' from the Baltic
*kurtá].
laza (-as) `clearing (in forest), glade' [Serbo-Croat läz `clearing',
Russ. laz `animal pathway to a river (lake)', lazina 'clearing'].
lingas `depression, meadow' [Lith. lénge `low land', PN Linge, Bulg.
long@ `meadow'].
mandakes `a binder for sheaves'
marieus 'lime' [IE *mar- 'dirty, unclear'].
mar- `water, river, bog' ["European" *mar- 'sea', Gaulish mor- 'sea',
Anglo-Saxon merisc `swamp', Old-Icel. moerr `swampy country'].
marka `bog; swampy country' [Lith. mark? `a pit for steeping flax or
hemp', Ukrain. morokva `bog'].
melda(s) `marshy reed' [Lith. melda, méldas `marsh reed', Latv.
meldi `reed', Old-HighGerman melta].
mér- `large, great' [IE *mér-, Church Slavic personal name Vladi-
mer@, Old-HighGerman Volk-már, Hlodo-már, Old-Icel. már `big'].
mezéna `a horseman' [Alb. mes, mezi `stallion', Roman. (substrat)
mînz `stallion'].
midne 'a settlement'.
muka `seed, clan, posterity' [Iran. muka- in the Osset.
mug? `family', muggag `seed, clan'].
mukas `swampy country, a bog' [Latv. muka `swamp, where one can
sink', mukls `swampy', Lith. RN Múke.].
musas `moss, mould' [Old-HighGerman, Anglo-Saxon mos `moss, swamp',
German Moss `moss', Church-Slav. m@...@ `moss', Lith. musai, pl. `mould
on yoghourt'].
neos 'new' [IE *newo- 'new'].
nest- `rumbling, roaring' [Old-Ind. nádati `to rumlble, to roar',
nadi- `river, current'].
niva 'snow' [IE *sneigwh- 'snow'].
óstas `river mouth' [Lith. úostas, uosta `river mouth; a port', Latv.
uosts-, uosta `the same', Latin óstium `river mouth', Old-Bulg.
uostije `the same'].
pa(i)vis `child, son' [Greek Homer pavis, Att. paus, pais].
paisa(s) `soot' [Lith. paiai `soot'].
pala `swamp, bog' [Lith. palios, pl. `big swamp. bog', Latv. pal,as,
pal,i `swampy banks of a lake', Latin palus `lake'].
palma `swamp, bog' [from pala with the suffix -má].
pan(i) `swamp, quagmire, peat-bog' [Old-Pruss. pannean `quagmire',
Goth. fani `silt', etc.].
para, phara `settlement, village', marketplace [from the IE *(s)porá
as `village'].
paurakis 'small' [Latin paucus 'small'].
pauta(s) `foam' or `foaming' [Old-Pruss. RN Pauta, Lith. puta `foam',
putóti `to foam', Latv. putas `foam'].
per `boy, son' [Lat. puer `child, boy, son'].
per(u)- `a rock' [Hett. peruna- `a rock', Old-Ind. párvata-
`mountain'].
pés `boy, child' [Greek paus, pais `child', Cypr. pas `the same'].
pi - 'beside, more'
pinon 'a drink' [IE *poi-, *pi- 'to drink', Latin pibo 'I drink',
Slavic *piti 'to drink'].
pitye 'a treasure'
piza(s) `bog, meadow' [Latv. písa `deep swamp', Greek písea,
pl. `damp places, meadow'].
poltyn 'a fortress'
pras- (resp. *praus-) `to wash, to splash, to bedew' [Lith.
prausti `to wash, to sprinkle', Latv. prauslat 'to splash, to
besprinkle', Old-Ind. prusnó'ti `to splash'].
puis, pus, pys `child, son' [-pu(i)s = Greek Att. paus `child, son'].
pupa `beans' or `hill' (?) [Lith. pupa `beans' or Alb. pupë `hill'].
pura- `maize, spelt' [Greek pyrós `maize', Lith. púrai `winter
maize', Church Slavic p@... `spelt'].
purda `swampy, damp place' [Latv. purdul,i `a snivel', Greek
pardakos `damp, wet'].
puris, poris, por, pyris, pyros, pyr `son, boy' [Latin pure `child,
boy, son' in Latin PN Marci-por, Nae-por, óli-por, Etr. nei-pur, naei-
purs].
pus, pys `child, son' - see puis.
pusinas `spruce forest, pine forest' [Lith. puynas `spruce forest'
from puis `pine, spruce'].
putras `bawler, squaller, babbler' [Old-Latv. personal name Putre,
Latv. putruôt, putrât `to cry, to speak fast'].
raimas `motley' [Lith. ráimas `motley, particoloured'].
raka(s) `eroded place, a gully' [Lith. rakti `to burrow'].
ramus `quiet, calm' [Lith. ramus `quiet', Old-Ind. rámate `to stay
quiet, to rest'].
raskus `quick, agile, live' [Old-HighGerman rasc `quick', German
rasch `the same', Engl. rash].
rera `stones, stony ground' (from an earlier *lera) [Alb. lerë, -
a `stones, fallen stones'].
rézas (resas) `king' [Latin rex `king', Old-Ind. raj- `the same'].
ring- (rink-) `quick, skillful' [Old-HighGerman (ge)-ringi `light',
Middle-German ge-ringi `light. quick', Greek rhimpha `quickly,
skillfully'].
romfea 'an arrow, a staff'
rudas `red, reddish' [Lith. RN Rud-upe., adj. rudas `(red-) brown,
reddish', Latv. ruds `reddish'].
rumba(s) `edge; rapids' [Lith. rumbas `periphery', Latv.
rumba `waterfall, rapids'].
rús-a (-as, -is) `a pit' or rus- `slowly flowing' [Old-Pruss. PN
Russe (a village and a swamp), Lith. rúsys (and rúsas) `potatoe's
pit; hut', Latv. rúsa `pit; or the Litv. ruse.ti `to flow slowly'].
sabazias `free' [Old-Bulg. svobod' `free'].
saldas, saltas (instead of *zaldas) `golden' [Old-Bulg. zlato (from
the Proto-Slavic *zalta) `gold (noun)' , New-Bulg. zlato `gold',
zlaten `golden'].
sara `current, stream' [Old-Ind. sará `river, stream'].
sartas `light-red' [Lith. sartas `light-red (for horses)', Latv.
sarts `red'].
satras (satrus) `live, quick, agile' (?) [Lith. atrus `live, quick,
agile, row'].
saut-is (-as) `lazy' [Latv. sautis `lazy man, who sleeps all the
time'].
sei(e)tuva `deep place in the river' [Lith. sietuve. `deep place in
the river'].
seina(s) `village, settlement' [Armen. én, Gen. sini `village',
Greek Rhod. kroina `residence'].
sékas `grass, greenery; hay' [Lith. e.kas `recently mowed down
grass', Old-Ind. s'áka- `vegetable'].
sem(e)la (= zeml'a) `land, earth' [Old-Bulg. zemlja, Russ. zemlja,
Lith. zeme, Latv. zeme].
serma, sermas `current, stream' [Old-Ind. sárma-h `current', Lith. RN
Sérmas].
siltas `warm, pleasant' [Lith. iltas `warm, pleasant', Latv.
silts `warm', Cymr. clyd `warm, warming'].
sind(u)- `river' [Old-Ind. sindhu- `river', Old-Pers. hindus `the
same'].
singas `low land, depression' [Goth. sigqan, Old-HighGerman sinkan,
German sinken `to sink, to collapse'].
siros 'a granary'
skaivas `left' [Greek skaiós `left', Latin scaevus `the same'].
skalme 'a sword'
skalp- `to beetle, to hit' [Lith. skalbti (-biu, -biau) `to beetle,
to dolly (for laundry)'].
skaplis `axe' [Lith. skaplis `axe'].
skapt- `to dig' [Lith. skaptúoti `to cut, to carve (in wood)', Greek
skápto `to dig'].
skaras (-is) `quick' [Old-Bulg. skor@, Russ. skor@... `quick', etc.
(Proto-Slavic *skar@)].
skarké 'a coin'
skarsas `transverse, slanting' [the Greek en-kársios, epi-
kársis `curved, bent, transverse', Lith. skersas `transverse,
oblique].
skilas `quick, impetuous' [Lith. skilti `set fire' and `run mad']
skreta `circle, circumference' [Lith. skrete. `a (round) disk',
skrite. `circumference'].
skumbr-as (or -is) `hill, mountain' [Lith. kumbrys, kumbris `hillock,
hill, mountain peak, small mountain'].
spinda(s) `clearing (in the forest)' [Lith spindis `clearing in the
forest'].
spinos 'coal'
stra (from an earlier *strava) `current, torrent' [Lith.
srava `current', Latv. strava `current, torrent'].
strambas `stubble-field' [Old-Pruss. strambo `stubble-field', the
Latv. struobs `a spray, a stem, a straw' ].
strumá, strumón `current, river' [Old-HighGerman stroum, German
Strom `current' river', Lith. sraumuo, -ens `fast current', srúti
(srúvu, dial. srúnu) `to fill with water' and `to flow, to outflow
the banks (for a river)'].
strúna `current, river' [Lith. sriti `to fill with water, to
outflow'].
stur(ia) `country, countryside' [Old-Bulg strana (Proto-Slavic
*starná) `country', Bulg. pro-stor `expanse, space'].
suchis, sukis, suku(s) (-os) `girl', resp. `boy, juvenile' [Cymr.
hogen `girl', hogyn `boy, lad', Lith. súnus `son', Old-Bulg.
s@... `son', etc.].
suka `a crack, a gorge, a pass', [Lith. uke. `a gap, a crack'].
sula `groove' [Greek hýle `forest, groove'].
sunka `sap, fluid' [Lith. sunka `sap (of a tree); fluid'].
sura (zura) `current, stream' [Old-Ind. sirá `current. stream'].
suras `strong, brave; a hero' [Old-Ind. súra-h `a hero, a warrior',
Avest. súra- `brave, courageous; a hero'].
suras `salty, bitter' [Lith. súras `salty', Latv. surs `salty,
bitter, sour'].
svit- `to shine, to twinkle' [Lith. vite.ti `to shine, to twinkle',
Old-Bulg. svüteti sia) `to shine'].
tarpas, terpas `a gap, a crack' [Lith. tárpas, térpü `an interstice,
a crack', Proto-Slavic *tarp@ `a pit, a ditch'].
taru- `spear' [Greek dóry `tree' and `spear', Hett. taru- `tree,
trees', Old-Ind. dáru- `tree'].
therm 'a tribe'
thin- `to hold, to carry' [Latin teneó, -ere `to hold'].
thurd- `to crash, to collapse' [Old-HighGerman sturzen, German
stürzen `to overthrow, to fall'].
tirsas `thicket' [Lith. tirtis `density, thickness' and `thicket,
brush-wood', tirti (tirtu) `to thicken'].
titha `light, radiance' [Greek titó' `morning glow; morning, day',
Alb. ditë `day'].
tón 'a present' [IE *dó- 'to give'].
tranas `rotting' [Lith. RN Tranys, trene.ti `to rot, to decompose'].
traus- `to break, to crumble' [Lith. trauti `to break, to crumble',
trauus `brittle', the Latv. trauss, trausls `brittle, fragile', Old-
Russ. troh@ `lazy; sad'].
tri 'three' [IE *treyes, *trí 'three'].
tund- 1. `to push, to knock'; 2. `river' [1. Latin tundó, -ere `to
push, to knock', Old-Ind. tundaté `to push'. 2. Old-Icel. ?
und `river'].
tuntas `a flock, a flight; a heap' [Lith. tuntas `a flock, a flight;
a heap, a pile'].
turm- `a run, a flight' [Old-Ind. drámati `to run', Greek drómos `a
run'].
udra(s) `otter' [IE *wed-, *wod-, Old-Ind. udráh `water animal',
Avest. udra- `otter', Greek hydros, Old-HighGerman ottar, Lith. údra,
Bulg. vidra `otter'].
udrénas `water, aquatic' [IE *wed-, *wod- 'water'].
úkas `mist; misty, turbid' [Lith. úkas `a mist; clouding; fume,
vapour', úkanas `cloudy, turbid'].
upa `river' [Lith. úpe. `river', Latv. upe `river, stream'].
-upula 'apple?' [IE *amlu-, *samlu- 'apple'].
urda(s) `stream' [Lith. urdulys `(mountain) stream, pool', Latv.
urdavin,a `stream'].
usku- `water; aquatic, marshy' [Old-Ir. u(i)sce `water', Old-Cymr
uisc, Irish esc `water, bog, swamp'].
utos `water, river' [IE *wed-, *wod-, Old-Ind. ud-án- `water', Greek
hydos `the same'].
vair-as (-us) `spinning' [Lith. vairus, vairas `spinning', Swed.
vírr `a spiral'].
varpasas `whirlpool' [Latv. várpats `whirlpool', the Lith. varpyti (-
pau, -piau) `to dig, to burrow'].
veger- (resp. *veker-) `damp; to bedew' or `haymowing' [Dutch
wak `damp', Latv. vedzere etc.].
veleka(s) `place for washing' [Lith. vele.kles `a place, used for
washing', vele.ti `to wash (with a paddle)'].
ver- `to spring, to issue' [Lith. vírti (vérdu, viriau) `to boil, to
bubble', the Old-Bulg. v'reti v'rion `to spring, to boil'].
verza(s) `a barrier used for fishing; dam' [Latv. varza `dam'].
zalmos 'a skin'
zan 'a clan, a family' [IE *g'en- 'to give birth, a kin'].
zbel- (from an initial *zibel-) `shining; a thunderbolt, a lightning'
[Latv. zibele `shining', zibelêt `to flash, to twinkle, to shine'].
zburul- `light (noun); shining' [Lith. z'iburys `light' (noun)'].
zeira 'a kind of chiton'.
zelas - 'wine'.
zelmis `an offspring, descendant' [Lith. z'elmuo, -ens `plant'
and `an offspring'].
zenis, zenés `born, born in' [=genes in the Greek personal name of
Dio=génes, from the IE *g'en- `to give birth' in the Old-Latin
geno `to produce, to give birth'].
zéri- (from an earlier *zvéri-) `an animal, a beast' [Lith.
z've.ris `a beast', Old-Bulg. zver@ `the same', Greek thér].
zetraia 'a pot'.
zi- `god' [shortened from ziu-, zia- and similar, IE *deiwo- 'sky
god', Greek Zeus].
zilas `grey, turned grey' or `blue' [Lith. z'ilas `grey-haired',
Latv. zils, zil `blue'].
zilma(s) `greenery' [Latv. zelme `green grass or wheat'].
zombros 'a bison?' [Slavic *zo.brü, Latv. subrs 'a bison', Old Prus.
wissambris 'a bison', Old Icel. visundr 'a bison'].
zum-, zuml- `dragon' [Old-Bulg zm'i `dragon', zm'ia `snake'].
zvaka(s) `bright, white' [Lith. z'vake. `light (noun)'].
Konushevci