--- In
cybalist@yahoogroups.com, "P&G" <petegray@...> wrote:
> >As far as I know, PIE long /*o:/ yields in Albanian /e/.
>
> Since the standard books often ignore Albanian, it would be helpful,
> Abdullah, if you could post the normal Albanian outcome of each of
the PIE
> phonemes. I'd be grateful.
>
> Peter
************
Dear Peter,
I am very new in this field of research, so you will forgive me that
I can't give to you still a decent answer. From Albanian historic
phonology I have treated until know just short PIE /*e/. But, I
promise, after I finish other vowels and consonants, I will send to
you each part I finish
1. Evolution /*e/ > /je/
We could say that generally PIE /*e/ was diphthongized in Albanian
language in /ie/: *bher > bie/bjer `to bring', *degWh- > djeg `to
burn', *gWher- > zjarr < zjerm/zjarm `fire', but *n-gWhre-sco- >
ngroh `to warm', *pekW- > pjek `to burn, to ripen', *perd >
pjerdh `to fart'.
1.1. Evolution /*e/ > /ja/
Bisedes evolution /*e/ > /ie/ its also common evolution /*e/ > /ja/,
especialy before the nasals and liquids: *esmi > (unë) jam `(I) am',
*mel > mjaltë, but also *dek^s- > i djathtë `right', *H3ep > jap `to
produce'.
1.2. Evolution /*e/ > /e/
If verbs are prefixed and extended in PIE causative eyo (in Albanian
usualy enyo), than we have /*e/ > /e/: *n-degW-eyo > ndez `to
light, to kindle, to fire' (cf. above *degW- > djeg `to burn'), *n-
gWher-enyo > nxej `to heat, to warm up' (cf. above *gWher- > zjarr).
1.3. Evolution /*e/ > /i/
If /*e/ is followed by consonantal cluster, the outcome is e-CC>i-CC:
*g^herzd(h)-, metathetic variant *g^hrezd(h) > drithë `cereals, bread
grains', *pezd- > pith, pidhi `vagine', *bhend- > bind `to convince,
to persuade'.
2. Evolution /*-en/ > /-ân/ in Gegë dialect and /-ën/ in Toskë one
*en esti > (g.) âshtë < ânshtë, (t.) është `is'; *g^enH-ter > (g.)
dhândër, (t.) dhëndër `bridegroom, son-in-law', *po:r-ent-or >
perandor `imperator' (only in Gegë dialect) and (g.) perendi <
perandi (i-Umlaut) and (t.) perëndi `God'.
2.1. Evolution /*-em/ > (g.) /-âm/, (t.) /-ëm/
*tem-th > (g.) tâmth, (t.) tëmth anatomy `temple', *nem-a > (g.)
nâmë, (t.) nëmë `curse, malediction'.
2.2. /-er/ > /ër/ in both dialects
*g^enH-ter- > dhëndër `bridegroom', *derder- > dërdëllit <
dërdërit `to murmur', *ma:ter > motër `sister'
3. /se-/ > /gja-/ in both dialects
*serp- > gjarpër `snake', *s(w)eks- > gjashtë `six', *seuHk- >
gjak `blood', *sem- > n-gjamë `similar'
4. Diphthongs
/*ei/ > /i/: *gWei-tyo- > nxis<n-zis `to encourage, to urge', *leig-
> lidh `to tie, to bind', *g^heim- > dimër `winter', peik^- >
pikë `spot'
/*eu/ > /e/: *skeud- > hedh `to throw', *dheub-to- > det `sea'.
With best regards,
Konushevci