Re: [tied] PIE Stop System

I think the collapse rather was into an a (with the allophoneme @),
than an e.

Then there was a periode when this a* changed to e, to o or remained
a according to phonetic surroundings. When the phonetic conditions
changed according to flectional form, this created the e/o-umlaut.I
think it is very difficult to explain the e/o-umlaut originating
from an e.


Even though there was a collapse, the wovels u and i probably did
not collapse, and probably existed before the periode of
quantitative umlaut. There exist stems with u and i without this
umlaut, and many quantitative umlauts may have emerged due to
analogy.