Lat. 'urbs, urbis'
Skr. 'vardh' "to make strong", 'urjihana' "city"
Pers. 'vardana' 'walled city" - see Vardar River
Rmn. 'uluc' "wicker-work, paling"
'gard' "fence", 'ingradite' "enclosed", Gradiste - fortresse
Skr. 'gara, dhara, godha'
'ardha' "land", 'ard' "plough"
Rmn. 'gradina' "garden", Italian 'giardino', French 'jardin'
The words for garden in Italian, Romanian and French are closely related, which indicate their Latin origin. The presence of the word in Slavic languages certainly proves they were borrowed from the Romanian language, the only Latinic language of contact. Italian and French languages did not borrow the word from Slavic or Romanian. Italian, French and Romanian are genetically related languages.
Latin 'cardo' "major NS road' - Rome
'Decumanus' "major EW road"
See Lat. cardo - Rmn. gardu "fence" - ardh - ard - Rmn. arat "ploughed'
Sacred Etruscan and Roman scriptures describe the ritual foundation of a city and the marking of the city wall to be built by ploughing a furrow.
This might explain the connection between the word for city and the words for enclosure, fence, wall and garden.
Cheers,
Lisa
"Daniel J. Milton" <dmilt1896@...> wrote:
For whatever it's worth, Buck's "Synonyms" has:
"Lat. 'urbs', etym. dub.,possibly as original 'wicker-work
(inclosure)':'verbera'"rod, whip, scourge",
Lith. 'virbas' "stem,stalk, vine", ChSl. 'vruba' "willow". Walde-P.
1.275."
Does any know the archaeology of wicker-work "city" walls?
Dan