--- In
cybalist@yahoogroups.com, Lisa Darie <elixir032000@...> wrote:
> The Indo-Iranian word dusman is in Urdu, Nepali, Kashmiri, Dari
spoken in Afganistan, Farsi spoken in Iran, Romanian and Albanian
languages. The Thracians, Cimmerians, Scythians and Sarmatians are
considered of Iranian origin.
"dushman" should be in sweedish too, where the word is "dusmano"
(Acta Regiae Adolphi, XL , Uppsala, 1963, pg. 231). The sweedish
etymology is given "from Romanian "duSman".
The word is in fact attested in Balcan in the time of homerus, at
least so it is supposed. The word should be to find in followings( I
did not verified them by myself:
"dusmenes"= malveillant, hostile
"dusmenees"= ennemy
Iliada (5, 488; 16,521)
Odiseea (6, 184)
Herodot 3, 82
Euripide in Andromanca, 1092, Medeea 296
Eschil, Agammemnon ( The seven against Thebe)
Sophocle, Antigona 187
"dismeneia"= hostilité
Sofocle , Electra 629,1124
Euripide, heraclides 991, Antigona 125,28
Platon, Republica 500c
it should be more.
In fact none wondered about dushman being so spread in Balcan and
everyone considered it turkish because of the otoman empire in
Balkan. That albanians, serbians, bulgarians, aromanians,
dacoromanians, all of them take a such word from the turkish, it
seems very unlike but not excluded at all.
Alex