Illyrian as satem

Examples of satem character of Illyrian
(From WACLAW CIMOCHOWSKI, Linguistic Position of Balkan Illyrian in
IE Languages)
1. Examples for reflection with spirants of *k'/h/-

A. Geographic names
1. Asamon, Asamum, Asamo, station in the north of Epidaurum, dated in
1272 in one document as Lapada 2. As-naus ("mountain of rocks). 3.
Ass-er-ia, town in Dalmatia. 4. As-in-ione, seashore town in Liburnia
and the name of the tribe Azin-ates (like Flan-ona, Flan-ates). `As-
ine, town in Argolis, founded by Druopoi, near of today's Petrobuni.
As-amus, river name (Moesia Superior), today Osma and the castle An-
as-amus near the mentioned rive. All names have as- < *ak' `sharp'
(cf. Old Indic asma `rock, stone', lit. asmus `edge, blade'(…). Hezik
gloss sar sai amaksai was treated as Illyrian and is compare with
lat. curro, carrus + krs-, lit. karšiu `to hurry'.

B. Anthroponyms
1. Dasimus, Dasumiu, Daksima M. Schmidt had compared with lat.
Decimus (…). 2. Siras was explained correctly by Ribezzo from +sirios
and was compared with gr. Kirros `yellow to the red' and with Old
Bulgarian serb `gry'.
On the basis of presented examples we could conclude that PIE k in
Illyrian had became some kind of spirant, that in writing form was
noticed as s, ss, or z.

II. Examples for reflection of PIE k' through velar k

A. Geographic names
1. Candavia, Candaviae montes, mountain zone between the Lychnides
lake and rivers Devoll and Shkumbin, was connected usually with
Kandaos, Kandaon, Kunagies, has in the first part of compound the
element can- + kuon, compare Oind. Sva sun – `dog', but let.
kuna `bitch' and the name of the man Candallo. 2. Kerketion oros,
mountain in the border between Thesalia and Epirus, today Belešika-
Planina and Kerkine (Thuc. 2,98) 3. Islands Kerkura and Korkura,
today Korphus and Korcula. 4. Krokoras, river name, today Gurk,
belong here, because H. Krahe had correctly connected these with Ol.
Indic sarkara `gravel, grit'.(…) 5. Clausal (liv. 44,31) river near
the Shkodra with the root *k'leu-, gr. khluzo `to rinse'. 6.
Cornacum, station in the road of the Danub, today Sotin, Krahe had
connected with Oindic srngan `horn'. 7. Trikornion was also connected
with srngam, but may be Celtic. 8. Acumincum, Akuomigikon (Ptol.
2.15), today Slankamen, if is Illyrian, will be putted to lit.
akmuo `ston'. Peucetti, peuketioi, one Liburnian tribe, which name is
connected with the name of the tree peuke `fir', Old Prusian peuse.
Lit. pusis `id.'.

B. Anthroponyms
1. Acra-banus, Acra-banis probabely Illyrian, first part of which is
placed together with lit. astrus, Old Bulg. ost `sharp' (cf. akorono
to ariston kai kallistin (Etym. Mag.) , also 2. Akrisios and 3.
Abalagros, Macedonian name of men. 4. Candalio, once attested, is
possible to not be Illyrian, but even if it be, it goes with
Candavia, about which we talk above. 5. Cleves and Cleus, also
Clevatus-a. 6. Ves-cleves, explained by W. Tomaschek uesu-kleus: Old
Indic vasu-sravah `with good name', have all the element clev-, to
which corresponds also in other IE satem languages as beginning
phonem a velar k, cf. lit. klausyti `to hear'; Alb. quej, quaj `to
name' (<klu-), also in Mesapic kloahi zis. 7. Epi-cadus, a very
spreaded name in Illyria. Was connected by Pedersen with Gr.
kekadmenos, Old Indic sasadana `distinguished, victorious'.
All presented names here was represented by PIE k' through velar k in
the position before –r ore –l, respectivly after u. Roots elements of
those names in some IE satem languages have also velar phonems near
to spirants.

III. Examples of the reflection with spirants of PIE g/h/
A. Geographic names
1. Adzizio (Tab. Peut.), station in Hercegovina and Zidian, Zizis
(Rav. 3.8). Exept these Assidium was placed by A. Meyer to the PIE
name of the goat, for example got. Gaits `goat', lat. haedhis `goat-
kid' (…). Briziminio, Burzumon, Berzumno (It. Ant., 339, 12; Rav. 4,
16; Tab. Peut.), today Podgorica was connected by F. Ribezzo and A.
Meyer with br.hant- `strong', br.hati `height' <*berg'h-.whence the
name of the castle in Dardania.
***
Now, only examples, without further explanations: 3. Berzana. 4.
Barzanites. 5. Bulsinus mons 6. daksa thalassa. 7. Ar dazanos. 8.
Deksaroi, Doksaroi, tribe name. 9. Dessaretea, Dassaretai,
Dassarenoi, etc.

Konushevci