--- In
cybalist@yahoogroups.com, "Glen Gordon" <glengordon01@...>
wrote:> Regardless, you're going to have to talk to some else who
> cares... because I really, really, really don't.
That's fine with me, Glen.
Here are geneticists who seem to be doing some talking about a
southern route into Bharat. I extend it further west out of Bharat.
Am. J. Hum. Genet., 72:000, 2003 The Genetic Heritage of the
Earliest Settlers Persists Both in Indian Tribal and Caste
Populations
Some pointers in the article:
mtDNA
The majority of Indian mtDNA (~82%) belongs to Asian-specific M and
N haplogroups.
The West Asian/European-specific U haplotypes were rare in India.
U2i was found at moderate rates curiously most common in
Kerala/Karnataka.
Y chromosome
About 44% of Indians tested belonged to the R and P clades spawned
by the M45 marker.
The other major groups were: 21% H clade (M69), 13% J clade (M172),
12% L clade (M11).
The Indian group is close to Underhill et al.'s "Central
Asia/Siberia" group from a previous study especially with regard to
the H, J and L clades were are fairly rare in Europe/West Asia.
The Central Asia/Siberia group also had high rates of R/P clade.
About M17, the so-called "Indo-Aryan" marker, the authors note:
"Indians virtually lack the HIV-1protective Dccr5 allele (Majumder
and Dey 2001) that is frequent in Europe, western Asia, and central
Asia, implying either that this allele arose very recently in Europe
or that there has not been substantial gene flow to India from the
northwest."(p. 16)
They also claim that R2 has higher diversity in India, however, the
whole R clade looks more diverse (from previous data) in Central
Asia/Siberia.
In their conclusion, the authors say:
[QUOTE] Although, on a general scale, we can argue for largely the
same prehistoric genetic inheritance in Indian tribal and caste
populations, this does not refute the existence of genetic
footprints laid down by known historical events.
This would include invasions by the Huns, Greeks, Kushans, Moghuls,
Muslims, English, and others. The political influence of Seleucid
and Bactrian dynastic Greeks over northwest India, for example,
persisted for several centuries after the invasion of the army of
Alexander the Great (Tarn 1951).
However, we have not found, in Punjab or anywhere else in India, Y
chromosomes with the M170 or M35 mutations that together account for
130% in Greeks and Macedonians today (Semino et al. 2000). Given the
sample size of 325 Indian Y chromosomes examined, however, it can be
said that the Greek homeland (or European, more generally, where
these markers are spread) contribution has been 0%3% for the total
opulation or 0%15% for Punjab in particular. Such broad estimates
are preliminary, at best. It will take larger sample sizes, more
populations, and increased molecular resolution to determine
the likely modest impact of historic gene flows to India on its pre-
existing large populations.[UNQUOTE]
How come these invasions pale before the invasion of Aryans into
Bharat?
http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/AJHG/journal/issues/v72n2/024476/024
476.web.pdf [The URL needs login and password.]