Part II
Development of tautosyllabic
yer-plus-lateral combinations.
Two developments took place rather early
(before the phonologisation of palatalised consonants):
*Il, *Ul > (syllabic) *l after
dentals
*Il > *el after palatoalveolars (*s^,
z^, ts^)
[In the Mazovian dialects *el developed
also after labials -- that is, from all original *Il sequences except after
dentals.]
Later changes:
*Ul > *&l (>
el/)
*Il > *’&l’ (>
il)
Dispalatalisations:
*’&l’ > *&l > el/
before any coronal consonant followed by a non-front vowel.
*el > *ol > ol/
(ól/ > Mod. [uw] if originally long)
Vocalisation of syllabic *l:
*l > l/u
EXAMPLES
Original *Ul or *Il after
dentals
*stUlpU ‘post, pillar’ > *stlp& >
stl/up (Mod. sl/up)
*sUlnIce ‘sun’ > *sln’ce > sl/un’ce
(Mod. sl/on’ce)
*tIlstU ‘fat’ > *tlst& >
tl/ust(y)
*dIlgU ‘long’ > *dlg& >
dl/ug(i)
Original *Il after
palatoalveolars
*z^IltU ‘yellow’ > *z^elt& >
z.ol/t(y) (Mod. z.ól/ty)
*z^IlvI ‘tortoise’ > *z^elv’& >
z.ol/v’ (Mod. z.ól/w)
*c^IlnU ‘boat’ > *c^eln& >
czol/n (Mod. czól/no)
*c^Ilgati ‘creep’ > *c^elgati >
czol/gac’ (sie,)
Original *Ul after velars and
labials
*xUlmU ‘hill’ > *x&lm& >
chel/m (from Germanic *xulm-a-)
*gUlkU ‘noise’ > *g&lk& >
(z)giel/k
*kUlbU ‘gudgeon’ > *k&lb& >
kiel/b
*pUlkU ‘troop’ > *p&lk& >
pel/k (also irregularly pól/k, Mod.
pul/k)
Original *Il after labials; palatalisation
retained
*vIlkU ‘wolf’ > *v’&l’k& >
wilk
*pIlstI ‘felt’ > *p’&l’st’& >
pils’c’ (Mod. pils’n’)
*mIlc^i ‘be silent’ > *m’&l’c^i >
milczy (Mod. milcz)
Original *Il after labials; palatalisation
lost
*pIlnU ‘full’ > *p’&l’n& >
pel/n(y)
*vIlna ‘wool’ > *v’&l’na >
wel/na
*mIltU ‘ground [p.p.]’ >
*m’&l’t& > mel/t(y) (now obsolete)
[Mazovian developments:
*pIlnU ‘full’ > *peln& >
piol/n(y)
*vIlna ‘wool’ > *velna >
wiol/na]
Analogical levellings:
pel/n(y) (sg.) : pilni
(pl.) > pel/ny : pel/ni
wel/na (Nom.) : wilnie
(Loc.) > wel/na : wel/nie
Piotr