Gk. Lyssa

From: Miryam y César Libran Moreno
Message: 9807
Date: 2001-09-26

Dear all,
I hope I might be allowed to avail myself of the collective wisdom of
the list to try to find a solution to my puzzlement. I have been trying
to compile all possible classical references about the goddess Lyssa,
the personification of madness or even rabies. The word lyssa and its
derivatives (lussaw,lusswn, lusswdhs, lusshthr) are common enough in
Homer (ex. gr. Il. 9.239. 305, 21.542) with the meaning "raging
madness", but we don´t find a mention of a goddess called Lyssa until
two lost plays by Aeschylus, Toxotides (attested in a vase painting
illustrating a scene from this tragedy) and Xantriae fr. 169 R., both
dated between 499/8-456 a.C. Later we find her in the cast of characters
in Euripides´ Heracles and possibly in a number of later tragedies
(Pollux 4.142 says the mask of Lyssa was one of the abnormal masks in
tragedy, which might imply the stage appearance of the goddess might
have been some sort of fixture in post-classical plays). I have always
thought that Lyssa as a personification of Rabies or Madness was an
invention of Aeschylus´ and as such she had no impact at all in the
Greek cult or pantheon; I am no indoeuropeanist, but given her name
(*luk-yH2) and her obvious connections with wolves and rabid dogs, I was
wondering whether she might, after all, be a part of the indoeuropean
pantheon, some sort of pre-existing wolf spirit or demon, discarded by
the more rational Homer (and the ionian tradition) and taken up again by
Aeschylus as some sort of "theatrical prop" to signify stage madness,
like he did (in part) with the Erinyes and the Alastores? Do we have an
analogous figure in the rest of the indoeuropean pantheon, some sort of
wolf-spirit which drives men and dogs mad or rabid, or are there any
linguistic traces that such a figure could have existed?
My most expressive thanks in advance.
Best, Miryam