Bronze.

From: Mark Odegard
Message: 4244
Date: 2000-10-11

The metallurgical usage of the word 'bronze' refers to any metal alloy that has copper as its principal element. Arsenic, tin, zinc, manganese and aluminum are commonly combined with copper to make 'bronze'.
 
For most of us, though, 'bronze' means a copper-tin alloy. Copper-zinc is is brass.
 
When you read about bronze in the literature, you frequently don't quite know what the author is talking about; and sometimes, I think even the author doesn't know what he's talking about. Arsenical copper is copper with a (usually naturally occurring) trace of arsenic; this makes for a superior metal, much better than pure copper, but not hard like 'true' copper-tin bronze.
 
The Kuro-Araxes culture in the Caucusus (3500 on down) was remarkable for its bronze, but I don't really know what kind of bronze this was. The Ezero culture in Bulgaria (3200 on down) is usually stated to be the first European bronze age site, but again, I don't know what kind of bronze they dealt with.  EIEC tells me copper mines were known in the Middle Danube and in Bulgaria from the 5th millennium on down. Copper deposits in the southern Ural Mountains seem to have been utilized by the Yamna[ya] culture. The Afanasevo culture, 3500 on down (imputed to be proto-Tocharian) was way out the upper Yenisey, and was also known for its copper and bronze.
 
EIEC (Martin Huld), under "Iron" notes the various words used for iron.
 
"the irregular relationship of the consonants in the putative equation of Lith sidabras and OHG sintar (defying Grimm's Law) and the anomalous nasal of the Germanic form indicate a loan source in Balto-Slavic, Germanic, or both. These loans may suggest than an active (non-Indo-European?) metallurgical tradition survived in central Europe until the Iron Age."
 
I have my own unproveable speculation that the 'elves' (*albh) were non-IE-speaking metal-workers. Certainly, knowledge of metal came from one or more different language families.
 
Mark.