--- In
cybalist@egroups.com, João Simões Lopes Filho
<jodan99@...>
wrote:
> The analogy between Lugh and Wodan is pointed by many authors,
although Lug
> could be etymologically linked to Loki.
> Lugh and Wodan were gods, sons of giantesses (or giant's
daughters), who
> defeated their grandfather. They had all crafts, a magical spear.
Maybe
> Lugh-Wodan was some kind of Pre-IE god of Northwestern Europe.
Well, for a start, Dumézil considered that the major IE Deity was
perhaps the Terrible Sovereign:
India - VARUNA
Greece - ZEUS
Rome - JUPITER
Germanic world - ODIN/WODAN
And it is well known that LUG became the king of the TUATHA DE
DANNAN, in Ireland, while, in Gaul, He is probably the One which
Caesar, in his De Bello Gallico, named MERCURY, as being the most
venerated Deity amongst the Celtic folks.
I believe that, in western Europe, this IE type of Divinity can be
defined as a God of Wisdom, Battle, War-Magic, using the Spear, being
one-eyed - in a warlike magic act, during the second Battle of
Moytura, LUG closes one of his eyes: the one-eyed entity is always
terrible, as Dumézil points out, when he compares the Germanic God
ODIN with the Germanic hero Egill Skalagrimson with the Roman hero
Horatius Cocles.
I also have read that LUG was associated with the Raven: according a
significant legend, when the Galo-Roman city of Lugdunum was founded,
two ravens passed in the sky. It is well known that one of the
symbols of ODIN is the Raven. The Raven seems to be, within the
western IE traditions, a symbol of knowledge, or guidance, which is
quite similar, actually:
- in Greece, it is consecrated to APOLLO: according a myth, a raven
informed Him about a specific subject;
- in Scandinavia, the two ravens Hugin and Munnin - Thought and
Memory, quite relevant - inform ODIN about everything that happens
around the world;
- in Ireland, and maybe in Gaul, why not, LUG, maybe associated with
the Raven, is a Deity of Knowledge. The Gaulish invaders of Rome, in
390 b.c.e., claimed to be ruled be Brennus. This could be a legendary
king, yes, or maybe the name of a specific clan, or, who knows, a
symbolic reference to a God of guidance, since this word
«Brennus»
could mean «Raven».
On the other hand, ODIN is quite similar to the Irish OGMA: both are
magic warriors, terrible entities, inventors of magic letters, the
Runes and the Oghams, respectively. Both are represented as old men
with the gift of eloquency.
Based on such relations between some Gods, I think that in the area
which is today southern Portugal, there is a Deity that could be the
Lusitanian equivalent to ODIN, LUG and OGMA: that Deity is RUNESUS
CESIUS.
RUN - related with the Irish word «run», meaning
«mistery»;
ESUS - related with the Gaulish ESUS, who could be a celtic
continental equivalent to ODIN, since, according Lucan, this Divinity
received human sacrifices by hanging, just like ODIN, the
HANGAGUD «God of the Hanged».
CESIUS - the Portuguese investigator Leite de Vasconcelos considered
that CESIUS could be a latinization of the Celtic «Gaesa»,
«dart»,
and a dart is like a spear.
> > What do you have to say regarding ENDOVELICO?