Re: [TIED] IE, AA, Nostratic and Ringo

From: Danny Wier
Message: 2752
Date: 2000-07-04

>From: "Piotr Gasiorowski" <gpiotr@...>

>With mixed feelings. The historical linguistic community awaited G&I's
>grande oeuvre with bated breath, only to experience some disappointment. As
>regards their phonological ideas, G&I advance the standard "glottalic"
>explanation of IE root-shape restrictions and of the absence of *b. They
>manipulate aspirated and non-aspirated allophones of *t[h] and *d[h] to
>project a unified version of Grassmann's Law back onto the PIE time plane,
>but ignore the distribution of Italic and Germanic reflexes, which are
>incompatible with that account. Gamkrelidze's old claim that several modern
>Armenian dialects have a stop system similar to that described in the book
>has been rebutted in recent years by several Armenologists including at
>least one Armenian scholar.

The Armenian ejectives may be areal influence from Georgian and various
other languages of the Caucasus.

>G&I liberally introduce hitherto unheard-of PIE phonemes (*q, *S, *SW,
>labialised dentals) without compelling evidence. No specialist to my
>knowledge has bought these innovations. They seem to attach great
>importance to the similarity of ablaut patterns in IE and Kartvelian,
>though the analogies are of a rather trivial kind (processes producing
>similar phenomena have been reenacted independently in a number of cases
>familiar to any historical linguist).

The apologia for a *s/*s^/*sw triad is based mostly on "s-mobile" which
could just mean... a mobile *s. (It's when *s appears before a consonant?)

How they got *q I have no idea.

>It's clear throughout the book that G&I are at pains to sell an E Anatolian
>homeland scenario and that their reconstruction is consistently stretched
>to fit that scheme. Their linguistic palaeontology, for example, features
>reconstructed words for 'elephant', 'monkey', 'leopard' and 'lion', amongst
>other Southern fauna and flora. (I admit there's a faint chance that the
>IEs were familiar with the lion, which used to be one of the most widely
>distributed mammals, though its range has been shrinking rapidly since the
>early Holocene.)

I favor an Anatolian ("Turkish") homeland (because of the Hittites), with
the IE-speakers migrating to the Balkans as well as to the Caucasus. And
that is because of my personal opinion that all or most ancient Near Eastern
cultures came from lower Mesopotamia.

>The IE case system seems to have been permanently in the process of
>forming, hence the difficulty of establishing its "canonical" form. The
>most fundamental distinctions were those between the inanimate and animate
>(a.k.a. neuter vs. common) noun/adjective classes (the familiar
>three-gender system developed only in non-Anatolian IE), and within either
>class between the more archaic athematic (consonantal and i/u-final) and
>the more "modern" thematic stems. The so-called a:-stems were originally
>consonantal (ending in *-x).

It seems like the declension of consonant-stems and short *o-stems is pretty
cut and dried. The long vowel stems are where the differences and
uncertainties arise. I read an old book on IE and it claimed to have
reconstructed all the singular/dual/plural case endings for
consonant/o-stems, a:-stems, u:-stems, i:-stems, and e:-stems. That was
back when the scholarship on IE was biased towards Sanskrit, Greek and
Latin, I suppose.

>Inanimate nouns were defective in certain respects: they had no plural,
>strictly speaking, though there were derived collectives which served as
>surrogate plurals; they also lacked any distinction between the nominative
>and the accusative. The syncretic Nom./Acc. case is endingless for
>inanimate athematics, which suggests that the thematic *-o-m may be
>secondary (with the object marker *-m taken from the Acc. of animates).

Possible evidence of an "ergative" system for neuters. (I thought the
neuter plural merged with the feminine singular. Or is it just that one
case, nominative?)

And thanks for the painstaking work on the case endings! I'll comment on
them in a matter of time...

Danny Wier ����
Lufkin, Texas USA
http://communities.msn.com/dawier

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