Alexander in reply to my thrice out of Africa hypothesis wrote
> Looks good, John, however 2 question arise:
>
> 1. What about Amerinds (all native Americans but Na-Dene Indians and
> Eskimo-Aleuts)?
I generally follow Greenberg and Cavalli-Sforza in this regard with
three North American waves
1. 25-15,000 BCE crossing over the Berengia Land Bridge and through
the Cordilleran-Laurentide Ice Corrdor - Carrying Folsom Points across
(This is a very early group, but derived ultimately from Aurignacians)
2. 8,500 BCE crossing, probably by boat and down the West Coast (This
is the Na Dene wave)
3. 5,000-3,000 BCE crossing of Innuit people, from Bering strait
islands, creating the Thule culture up along the Alaskan Northern Coast
and East to Greenland.
> 2. We need to explain such a pattern: 10-20,000 y. periods of
migrations
> with gaps of 15-20,000 years. Something VERY importand had to happen
to
> provoke every next wave of migrations. It seems to me that it could
be both
> climatic changes and technological/cultural inventions. Do you have
such
> explanations?
Yes, I see all three factors coming into effect.
First wave out of Africa - East through the tropics to Sundaland -
cultural invention - ability to speer and catch fish, making of string.
These were litorial cultures, creating shell middens (now beneath the
sea).
Second wave out of Africa - North onto the Steppes - this is the Upper
Paleolithic Assemblage of Big Game Hunters (see any Europo-centric book
on "the origins of man" and the stories of these cultures will be
rammed down your neck. These are the Ice Age Cro-Magnon cultures who
developed a facility living in Steppe-Tundra cultures.
Third wave out of Africa - microlithic mesolithic cultures - This was
associated with the warming phase at the end of the Ice Age, and the
spread of forests throughout Europe. These people specialised in
hunting and trapping small game, and the domestication of the dog. As
Europe warmed, so they could move further and further north.
Similar kinds of waves can be seen with the movements in America.
Except there Big Game Hunters were the first wave, litorial fisherfolk
(Na Dene) second wave, and kayak-seal cultures were the Thule Third
Wave, again associated with warmings and coolings of climate. Innuit
replaced Viking in Greenland only in the 13th - 14th century "Little
Ice Age".
Hope this helps
John
Hope this helps