Pali Primer Exercise 1

Translate into English

1. Bhuupaalo bhu~njati.

king / eats

The king eats.


2. Puttaa sayanti.

sons / sleep

Sons sleep.


3. Vaa.nijaa sayanti.

merchants / sleep

Merchants sleep.


4. Buddho passati.

Buddha / sees

The Buddha sees.


5. Kumaaro dhaavati.

boy / runs

The boy runs.


6. Maatulo kasati.

uncle / ploughs

The uncle ploughs.


7. Braahma.naa bhaasanti.

brahmins / speak

Brahmins speak.


8. Mittaa gacchanti.

friends / go

Friends go.


9. Kassakaa pacanti.

farmers / cook

Farmers cook.


10. Manusso chindati.

man / cuts

The man cuts.


11. Purisaa dhaavanti.

men / run

Men run.


12. Sahaayako bhu~njati.

friend / eats

The friend eats.


13. Tathaagato bhaasati.

Buddha / speaks

The Buddha speaks.


14. Naro pacati.

man / cooks

The man cooks.


15. Sahaayaa kasanti.

friends / plough

Friends plough.


16. Sugato aagacchati.

Buddha / comes

The Buddha comes.


Translate into Pali

1. Sons run.

puttaa / dhaavanti

Puttaa dhaavanti.


2. The uncle sees.

maatulo / passati

Maatulo passati.


3. The Buddha comes.

Buddho / aagacchati

Buddho aagacchati.


4. Boys eat.

kumaaraa / bhu~njanti

Kumaaraa bhu~njanti.


5. Merchants go.

vaa.nijaa / gacchanti

Vaa.nijaa gacchanti.


6. The man sleeps.

manusso / sayati

Manusso sayati.


7. Kings go.

bhuupaalaa / gacchanti

Bhuupaalaa gacchanti.


8. The brahmin cuts.

braahma.no / chindati

Braahma.no chindati.


9. Friends speak.

mittaa / bhaasanti

Mittaa bhaasanti.


10. The farmer ploughs.

kassako / kasati

Kassako kasati.


11. The merchant comes.

vaa.nijo / aagacchati

Vaa.nijo aagacchati.


12. Sons cut.

puttaa / chindanti

Puttaa chindanti.


13. Uncles speak.

maatulaa / bhaasanti

Maatulaa bhaasanti.


14. The boy runs.

kumaaro / dhaavati

Kumaaro dhaavati.


15. The friend speaks.

sahaayo / bhaasati

- Sahaayo bhaasati.

- Mitto bhaasati.


16. The Buddha sees.

Buddho / passati

Buddho passati.



Notes:


1. bhuupaala: king, lit. protector of the earth - a word rarely used in the texts. Other words for king include raaja (Narada Lesson 17, Warder p.153) and bhuupati (Lesson 25).


2. Here is a list of words related to bhaasati.

bhaasati - to speak;

1. akkosati - to scold, swear at, abuse, revile;

2. ajjhesati - to request, ask, bid;

3. atidisati - to give further explanation, to explain in detail;

4. adhibhaasati - to address, to speak to;

5. anukassati - to draw after, to repeat, recite, quote;

6. anudisati - to point out, direct, bid, address;

7. anubhaasati - to speak after, to repeat;

8. anusaasati - to advise, admonish, instruct in or give advice upon;

9. anuhasati - to laugh at, to ridicule;

10. anvaadisati - to advise, dedicate, assign;

11. apadisati - to call to witness, to refer to, to quote;

12. abhisa.msati - to execrate, revile, lay a curse on;

13. abhisi.msati - to utter a solemn wish;

14. avahasati - to laugh at, deride, mock;

15. aadisati - to announce, tell, point out, refer to; to dedicate;

16. ukka.msati - to exalt, praise;

17. ukkaasati - to "ahem"!, to cough, to clear one's throat;

18. uddisati - to propose, point out, appoint, allot;

19. upakkosati - to scold, reprove, blame;

20. upadisati - to point out, show, advise, specify;

21. uuhasati - to laugh at, deride, mock;

22. obhaasati - to speak to, to rail at, offend, abuse;

23. ghasati - to eat;

24. ~nasati - to bite (of snakes, scorpions);

25. namassati - to pay honour to, to venerate, honour, do homage to;

26. pakkosati - to call, summon;

27. paccakkosati - to curse in return;

28. paccanubhaasati - to speak out or mention correspondingly, to

enumerate;

29. paccaabhaasati - to retort, recite, explain, relate;

30. paccaasati - to ask, beg, pray;

31. paccaasi.msati - to expect, wait for, desire, hope for, ask;

32. pa.tikkosati - to blame, reject, revile, scorn;

33. pa.tipasa.msati - to praise back or in return;

34. pa.tibhaasati - to address in return or in reply;

35. pa.tirosati - to annoy in return, to tease back;

36. pabhaasati - to tell, declare, talk;

37. paribhaasati - to abuse, scold, revile, censure, deiame;

38. parihasati - to laugh at, mock, deride;

39. pasa.msati - to speak out, praise, commend, agree;

40. pasasati - to teach, instruct;

41. pahasati - to laugh, giggle;

42. pahassati - to laugh, be joyful or cheerful;

43. bhasati - to bark;

44. sa.msati - to proclaim, point out;

45. sa.mhasati - to laugh with;

46. samaubhaasati - to converse or study together;

47. samaadisati - to indicate, to command;

48. samukka.msati - to extol, to praise;

49. si.msati - to neigh;

50. hasati & hassati - to laugh, to be merry; to neigh (of horses);

51. hesati - to neigh.


3. According to PED, the three words sahaaya/sahaayaka/mitta all mean 'friend'. sahaaya/sahaayaka in some passages may also mean companion or ally.