(Source: www.tipitaka.net/pali/pgt/)
PREFIX (upasagga): | ||
ati, adhi, anu, apa, api, abhi, ava (= o), aa, u, upa, du, ni, nii, pa, pati, paaraa, pari, vi, sa.m, su | ||
COMPOUNDS (samaasa): | ||
digu | numerical determinative compound [num. + subs.] | |
kammadhaaraya | adjective compound [adj. + subs.] (e.g. niluppala.m: the blue waterlily) | |
samaahaara | collective grammatically singular termination (e.g. tiloka.m: the three worlds) | |
asamaahaara | individual plural termination (e.g. pa~ncindriyaani: the five faculties) | |
tappurisa | dependent determinative compound [subs. in oblique case + subs. or adj.] | |
alutta-samaasa | [inflected subs. + subs. or adj.] (e.g. manasikaaro = manasi kaaro: keeping in mind, attention) | |
catutthii-tappurisa | [dat. subs. + subs. or adj.] (e.g. paasaadadabba.m = paasaadaaya dabba.m: material for the palace) | |
cha.t.thii-tappurisa | [gen. subs. + subs. or adj.] (e.g. jinavacana.m = jinassa vacana.m: the word of the Conqueror) | |
dutiyaa-tappurisa | [acc. subs. + subs. or adj.] (e.g. gaamagato = gaama.m gato: gone to the village) | |
pa~ncamii-tappurisa | [abl. of sep. subs. + subs. or adj.] (e.g. rukkhapatito = rukkhaa patito: fallen from the tree) | |
sattamii-tappurisa | [loc. subs. + subs. or adj.] (e.g. gaamavaasii = gaame vaasii: dweller in a village) | |
tatiyaa-tappurisa | [instr. subs. + subs. or adj.] (e.g. buddhadesito = buddhena desito: taught by the Buddha) | |
upapada-tappurisa | verbal dependent determinative compound [subs. + verbal subs.] (e.g. kumbhakaaro = kumbha.m kaaro: pot-maker, potter) | |
dvanda | copulative compound [subs. + subs.] | |
samaahaara | with singular termination (e.g. hatthassaratha-pattika.m = hatthino ca assaa ca rathaa ca pattikaa ca: elephants, horses, chariots, and infantry) | |
asamaahaara | with plural termination (e.g. candasuriyaa = cando ca suriyo ca: the moon and the sun) | |
avyayiibhaava | adverbial compound [indecl. adv. + subs.] (e.g. upanagara.m = upa + nagara.m: near the town) | |
bahubbiihi | relative compound [combination of subs, + subs. used as adj. to qualify another subs.] (e.g. lohitamakkhitasiiso (puriso) = (purisassa) lohitena makkhita.m siisa.m (atthi): (a man) whose head is smeared with blood) | |
missaka-samaasa | -- complex compound (e.g. suranaramahito = (a) suraa ca naraa ca (dvanda); (b) suranarehi mahito (tappurisa): honoured by gods and men) | |
Primary derivative (kitaka) [verbal root + suffix = substantive]: | ||
kicca | for formation of passive particles (suffixes = tabba, aniiya, (.n)ya, (.n)iya, tayya, icca) | |
kita | for formation of active participles or nouns expressing an active meaning (suffixes = nta, maana, ta, etc.) | |
Secondary derivatives (taddhita) [subs. (or subs. + suffix) + suffix]: | ||
saama~n~na-taddhita | general secondary derivative | |
appaccattha | denoting lineage (suffixes = (.n)a, (.n)aana, (.n)era, (.n)eyya) | |
anekattha | of various meanings (suffixes = (.n)ika, (.n)a, ima, iya, taa, ka, maya) | |
atthyattha | denoting endowment, possession (suffixes = ava, ala, ila, ika, ii, vii, ssii, vantu, mantu) | |
sa"nkhyaa | -- numerical derivatives [number + suffix] (suffixes = ma, tiya, ttha, ii, ka) | |
avyaya-taddhita | indeclinable numbers and adverbs (e.g. num. + kkhattum (adv.), dhaa, so, thaa, tana) | |
bhaava-taddhita | gerundial used as abstract subs. [subs. + suffix] (suffixes = taa, tta, ttana, (.n)ya, (.n)a) | |
Establishment of word-meaning (pada-siddhi, sadda-siddhi): | ||
bhaava-saadhana | definition by way of state (e.g. sara.namattam eva esaa ti sati: this is mere being mindful, thus it is mindfulness) | |
kara.na-saadhana | definition by way of instrumental sense (e.g. saranti etaayaa ti sati: by this they are mindful, thus it is mindfulness) |
VOCABULARY: aadhaara locative, support aalapana vocative case accantasa.myoga direct governance (of acc. by transitive verb) adhikara.na one kind of locative (= container) ajjatanii aorist (tense) akammaka intransitive verb akkhara letter (of alphabet) alutta type of compound (see above) anaagatakaala future tense anekattha type of suffix aniyamita relative pronoun aniyamuddesa relative clause anussaara the letter .m, the nasal apaadaana function of ablative, i.e. separation appaccattha type of suffix asamaahaara (compound) with plural termination aakhyaata verb atidesa extension of meaning atiitakaala past tense attanopada middle (voice) avayava constituent of compound avuddhika weak strengthening of root in vowel gradation avyaya indeclinable avyaya-taddhita indeclinable numerals and adverbs avyayiibhaava adverbial compound bahubbiihi relative compound bahuvacana plural bhaava state; a kind of verbal noun; abstract noun bhaava-napu.msaka neuter desiderative abstract noun bhaava-saadhana definition of word by way of state bhaava-taddhita gerundial bhaavena bhaavalakkha.na-bhumma.m locative absolute bhavissantii future (tense) bhumma-vacana locative case catutthii dative case cha.t.thii genitive case dhaatu verbal root or stem dhaaturuupakasadda denominative digu numerical determinative compound dutiya accusative case dvanda copulative compound dvikammaka bitransitive verb ekavacana singular ga.na conjugation gu.na strong vowel gradation gu.na-naama quality noun, adjective hiiyattanii imperfect (tense) itaritara dvanda with plural ending itthambhuuta-vacana ablative of likeness itthili"nga feminine gender kaala tense kaalaatipatti conditional derivative substantive kaara letter or syllable (e.g. makaaro = the letter "ma") kaaraka voice (of verb); syntax kaarita causative kamma object of word kammadhaaraya adjectival compound kammakaaraka passive voice kara.na-saadhana definition of word by way of instrumental sense kara.na-vacana instrumental case kattaa subject of verb kattukaaraka active voice kattusaadhana definition of word by way of agent kicca function, kind of verbal noun suffix kiriyavisesa adverb kita verbal noun suffix kitaka verbal noun suffix kriyaa, kiriya adverb, predicate of verb lakaara tense (of verb) li"nga gender; word stem majjhima-purisa second person missaka-samaasa mixed compound missakiriya present participle naamaa-naamaa noun napu.msakali"nga neuter gender nibbacana derivative form, derivation niggahiita the final letter .m nipaata particle nissaka-vacana ablative of separation nissita-vacana dependent locution (cf. Vis.ii0, VisA.40) niyamita demonstrative pronoun (e.g. ta.m) okaasa locative case pa.thamaa nominative case pa.tisedha negative (na, no, maa) pa~ncamii imperative (mood); ablative of separation (case) paccatta-vacana nominative case paccaya suffix paccuppanna (kaala) present (time) pada word; syllable; phrase; sentence pada-siddhi establishment of word-meaning padaccheda contraction, elision of word padalopa elision of word parassapada active (voice) pariyaaya metaphor parokkhaa perfect tense pubbakiriya gerund pulli"nga masculine gender purisa person puthuvacana plural ruupa form of stem or root sa.myoga conjunction (e.g. ca, pi) sa"nkhaa number (in word formation) sa"nkhya-taddhita numerical derivative saadhana-siddhi derivation of word saama~n~na general saami-vacana genitive case sabba-naama pronoun sadda word sadda-sattha grammar sadda-siddhi establishment of word-meaning sakammaka transitive verb samaahaara compound with singular termination samaasa compound noun sambandha construction sampadaana-vacana dative case sampi.n.dana conjunction, abbreviation samuccaya conjunction (e.g. ca, pi) sandhi liaison sara vowel sasambhaarakathaa substitutional location (cf. Vis.ii0, VisA.40) sattamii optative (mood); locative (case) taddhita secondary derivative substantive tappurisa dependent determinative compound tatiya instrumental case tumanta infinitive tumicchattha desiderative upacaara figure of speech, metaphor upapada-tappurisa verbal dependent determinative compound upasa prefixed vowel upasagga prefix, suffix, affix upayoga-vacana accusative case uttama-purisa first person va.n.na phonetically distinct sound vaakya sentence vattamaanakaala present tense vibhatti case ending vibhatti-lopa elision of case ending vikappa-samaahaara dvanda with either sing. or plural ending visesana "distinguishing", i.e. adjective visesana-parapada kammadhaaraya (second member qualifying first) visesana-pubbapada kammadhaaraya (first member qualifying second) viyoga disjunction (vaa) vuddhi lengthened vowel gradation vya~njana consonant vyatireka negative
This is a slightly revised HTML version of the section "Grammatical Terms" (pp123-134) of A Pali-English Glossary of Buddhist Technical Terms by Ven. Bhikkhu ~naanamoli (1994, ISBN 955ii400864). It is reproduced with kind permission of the publisher Buddhist Publication Society (BPS) for free distribution only. The printed book is available for sale: | ||
BPS: http://www.beyondthenet.net/bps/reference1.htm | ||
Pariyatti: http://www.pariyatti.com/book.phtml?prod_id=404608 | ||
The page is produced with the help of PaliTrans 2.0 (freeware) by J. Andrew Shaw. | ||
Revised: 11 January 2003 by Bhante Kumaara |