Ven Narada Thera - An Elementary Pali Course Lesson XXII

Exercise 22-A: Translate into English.

1. "Raajaa bhavatu dhammiko."

king / may...be / righteous

"May the king be righteous."


dhammika = dhamma + ika [Nr]


2. "Socati puttehi* puttimaa**."

grieves / because of sons / he who has sons

He who has sons grieves because of the sons.


puttima = putta + ima [Nr]


3. Tava pa.n.diccena mama ki.m payojana.m?

your / with wisdom / to me / what / use

Of what use is your wisdom to me?


pa.n.dicca = pa.n.dita + ya [Nr]


4. Aha.m mama maataapitara.m*** sadaa dvikkhattu.m vandaami.

I / my / mother and father / always / twice / pay respect

I always greet my mother and father twice.


maataapitara.m = maatara.m ca pitara.m ca [D]

dvikkhattu.m = dvi + kkhattu.m [Nr]


5. Manussattam'pi labhitvaa kasmaa tumhe pu~n~na.m na karotha?

manhood-too / having obtained / why / you / good / do not do

Having also obtained the human state, why do you not do good?


manussatta = manussa + tta [Nr]


6. Eso saddho daayako sabbadaa siila.m sammaa rakkhati.

this / faithful / supporter / everyday / precepts / properly / observes

This faithful supporter observes the precepts properly everyday.


saddha = saddhaa + a [Nr]

daayaka = daa + aka [Vr]****


7. Sabbesu devamanussesu sammaa-sambuddho pana se.t.tho hoti.

among all / among gods and men / fully enlightened one / but / best / is

But the Fully Enlightened One is the best among all gods and men.


devamanussesu = devesu ca manussesu ca [D]


8. Imesa.m dvinna.m saavakaana.m aya.m pana jeyyo seyyo ca hoti.

of these / of two / of disciples / this / however / older / better / and / is

However, of these two disciples, this is older and better.


jeyya = ji + iya [Nr]

seyya = /root + iya [Nr]*****


9. Tasmi.m aapa.ne vaa.nijo daarumayabha.n.daani na vikki.naati.

in that / in shop / merchant / wooden goods / does not sell

The merchant in that shop does not sell wooden goods.


daarumaya = daaru + maya [Nr]

daarumayabha.n.daani = daarumayaani + bha.n.daani [K]


10. Yo saddho vaa pa~n~no vaa ya.m ya.m desa.m gacchati so tatth'eva puujito hoti.******

which / faithful or / wise or / whichever / place / goes / he / there-just / venerated / is

Whichever place that the faithful or the wise goes, he is venerated right there.


11. Mahaara~n~no kani.t.thaputto imasmi.m ra.t.the se.t.tharaajabha.n.daagaariko hoti.

great king's / youngest son / in this / in country / chief treasurer of the king / is

The youngest son of the great king is the chief treasurer of the king in this country.


mahaara~n~no = mahato + ra~n~no [K]

kani.t.tha = kan + i.t.tha [Nr]

kani.t.thaputto = kani.t.tho + putto [K]

se.t.tharaajabha.n.daagaariko = se.t.tho + raajabha.n.daagaariko [K]

raajabha.n.daagaariko = ra~n~no-bha.n.daagaariko [T]


12. Amhaaka.m antevaasikaana.m ka.niyo pana venayiko, kani.t.tho pana aabhidhammiko.

our / of students / younger / but (is) / one who studies Vinaya / youngest / but (is) / one who studies Abhidhamma

The younger of our pupils studies the Vinaya while the youngest studies the Abhidhamma.


antevaasiko = ante-vaasiko [T]

ka.niya = kan + iya [Nr]

venayika = vinaya + ika [Nr]

kani.t.tha = kan + i.t.tha [Nr]

aabhidhammika******* = abhidhamma + ika [Nr]


13. Lokiyajanaa pu~n~napaapa.m katvaa sugatiduggatiisu uppajjitvaa bahudhaa kaayikasukhadukkha.m bhu~njanti.

worldlings / good and bad / having done / happy and evil states / having been born / in many ways / bodily happiness and pain / partake

The worldlings, having done good and bad, are born in happy and evil states and partake in physical happiness and pain in many ways.


lokiyajanaa = lokiyaa + janaa [K]

pu~n~napaapa.m = pu~n~na.m ca paapa.m ca [D]

sugatiduggatiisu = sugatiisu ca duggatiisu ca [D]

bahudhaa = bahu + dhaa [Nr]

kaayikasukhadukkha.m = kaayika.m + sukhadukkha.m [K]

kaayika = kaayaa + ika [Nr]

sukhadukkha.m = sukha.m ca dukkha.m ca [D]


14. "Tesa.m saccena siilena - khantimettabalenaca

their / by truth / by virtue / and by power of patience and loving kindness

"By their truth and virtue - And by the power of patience and loving kindness,


Te pi tva.m anurakkhantu - aarogyena sukhena ca."

they / so / you / may...protect / with health / with happiness / and

May they so protect you - In health and happiness."


khantimettabala.m = khantimetta.m'eva bala.m [K]

khantimetta.m = khanti ca metta.m ca [D]

anurakkhati = anu + rakkhati [Vf]

aarogya = aroga + ya [Nr]


* Ablative case.

** The word 'puttimaa' is nominative (inflected like gu.navaa).

*** Original sentence has maataapitare.

**** See Lesson 23.

***** See explanation by Rett here: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Pali/message/8082

****** See Exercise 14A-10.

******* Also abhidhammika.


[A]vyayiibhaava

[B]ahubbiihi

[D]vanda

[K]ammadhaaraya {[n]umerical}

[N]ominal De[r]ivative

[T]appurisa

[V]erbal De[r]ivative

[V]erbal Pre[f]ix


Exercise 22-B: Translate into Pali.

1. What is the good of your manhood if you do no good to others?

ki.m / attha.m / tava / manussattassa / sace / tva.m / na kareyyaasi / pu~n~na.m / a~n~nesa.m

Sace tva.m pu~n~na.m a~n~nesa.m na kareyyaasi, ki.m tava manussattassa attha.m?


manussatta [Nr]


2. Every bodily deed is mind-made.

sabba.m / kaayikakamma.m / hoti / manomaya.m

Sabba.m kaayikakamma.m manomaya.m hoti.


kaayikakamma [K] / manomaya [Nr]


3. His eldest brother is the most virtuous boy in the school.

tassa / je.t.thabhaataa / hoti / gu.ni.t.thadaarako / paa.thasaalaaya

Tassa je.t.thabhaataa paa.thasaalaaya gu.ni.t.thadaarako hoti.


je.t.thabhaataa [K] / je.t.tha [Nr] / paa.thasaalaa [K] / gu.ni.t.thadaaraka [K] / gu.ni.t.tha [Nr]


4. The great multitude sat in the hall in different ways.

mahajanataa / nisiidi / saalaaya.m / bahudhaa

Mahajanataa saalaaya.m bahudhaa nisiidi.


mahajanataa [K] / janataa [Nr] / bahudhaa [Nr]


5. Health is the best wealth.

aarogya.m / hoti / se.t.thadhana.m

Aarogya.m se.t.thadhana.m hoti.

Alt: Aarogya.m paramadhana.m.*


aarogya [Nr] / se.t.thadhana.m [K] / se.t.tha [Nr]


6. It is a Buddha who understands the nature of a Buddha in every way.

so / hoti / Buddho / yo / bujjhati / Buddhadhammata.m / sabbathaa

Yo sabbathaa Buddhadhammata.m bujjhati so Buddho hoti.


sabbathaa [Nr] / Buddhadhammataa [K] / dhammataa [Nr]


7. I went to see the treasurer several times.

aha.m / agami.m / passitu.m / bha.n.daagaarika.m / bahukkhattu.m

Aha.m bha.n.daagaarika.m bahukkhattu.m passitu.m agami.m.


bha.n.daagaarika [Nr] / bahukkhattu.m [Nr]


8. All ships are not made of iron.

sabbaa / naavaa / na honti / ayomayaa

Sabbaa naavaa ayomayaa na honti.


9. What is the use of worldly goods to monks and nuns?

ki.m / payojana.m / lokiyabha.n.dehi / bhikkhubhikkhuniina.m

Ki.m payojana.m bhikkhubhikkhuniina.m lokiyabha.n.dehi?


bhikkhubhikkhuniina.m [D] / lokiyabha.n.da [K] / lokiya [Nr]


10. He advised me in every way to strive to attain Buddhahood.

so / ovadi / ma.m / sabbaso / parakkamitu.m / adhigantu.m / Buddhabhaava.m

So Buddhabhaava.m adhigantu.m parakkamitu.m ma.m sabbaso ovadi.


Buddhabhaava [B] / adhigacchati [Vf] / parakkamati [Vf] / sabbaso [Nr]


11. Twice I wrote to him, but he did not send a reply even once.

dvikkhattu.m / aha.m / likhi.m / tassa / pana / so / na pesesi / patilekhana.m / eva / ekakkhattu.m

Aha.m tassa dvikkhattu.m likhi.m, so pan'eva** patilekhana.m ekakkhattu.m na pesesi.


dvikkhattu.m [Nr] / patilekhana [K] / ekakkhattu.m [Nr]


12. My youngest brother is the wisest of all.

amha.m / kani.t.thabhaataa / hoti / medhi.t.tho / sabbesu

Amha.m kani.t.thabhaataa sabbesu medhi.t.tho hoti.


kani.t.thabhaataa [K] / kani.t.tha [Nr] / medhi.t.tha [Nr]


13. The righteous and wise men are very few.

dhammikaa / ca / medhaavino / (santi) / katipayaa

Dhammikaa ca medhaavino ca katipayaa.


dhammika [Nr] / medhaavii [Nr]


14. Wooden beds are better than iron*** beds.

daarumayama~ncaa / sundarataraa / ayomayama~ncehi

Daarumayama~ncaa ayomayama~ncehi sundarataraa.


daarumayama~nca [K] / daarumaya [Nr] / ayomayama~nca [K] / ayomaya [Nr]


* From Dhammapada Verse 204.

** Sandhi, see Lesson 24.

*** Use the Ablative case.