Re: sumer 3-4

H.M. Hubey wrote:

------------------------------------------------ II. Sumerian -g vs Turkic Ø, -y 1. gamar wuchtig sein (D.41) ag?r ag(?r (DLT, I, 52)

2. garim Fluss-Aue (MSL, III, 109) ar(?)k ?rmak, ark, germeç, kas,, kanal (DLT, I, 65)
I think in Clauson there is also "karim".

3. gaz to crush (Grd. 356). gaza zerbrechen (MSL, III, 143) ez to crush, to pound, ezme crushed, pounded (Rd. 357)
The word is related to others such as qIr (scrape), kIr (break), kIrIntI (crushed rock?)
etc. and to *karu/*karo (to dig), xIrshI (grind, crush), etc. Literally dozens of roots
having to do with stone and things you do with stone tools.

4. geme Magd (MSL, III, 125; D. 45) eke büyük k?z kardes, (DLT, I, 685, eget gerdek gecesi gelin için gönderilen hizmetçi kad?n (DLT), I, 51)

The word is related to Akkadian eHatu(m), eHaSu(m) (sister) which shows up in Luwian
as negash. It shows up in Turkic in various forms as eke, eket, egech (sister) and
then in rounded forms such as Og (mother), Oge (foster, adopted), OgsUz (orphan).
ProtoTurkic initial-n is lost, leaving negash>egech. The Nostratic root had to be
*nekathum which also gave rise to Turkic katun (woman). Notice the words nephew
and nepot. No sound law of linguistics explains w=t (last consonant) except mine,
and it works accross several language families. Notice that since we see English
f (ph, e.g., nephew) and Latin nepot (p) and since Latin p=f Germanic this is
old enough to have gone thru these changes.

5. gi Rohr (MSL, III 121, 144), REED(s) Grds. 357) ? ag(aç, ekin, bitki, orman EUSz. 81)

This word agach is probably at the root of words like acassia, and another word
which escapes me right now and has to do with tree, and also arrows. "ekin" means
"planting" with the verbal root "ek" ( to plant) which is most likely at the root of
"agriculture" e.g. *ag which is likely also from Etruscan. "Bitki" is from "bit" (to grow)
and which also shows up as bU(t), and also bUyU (to grow). It shows up in Sumerian
as bu (to grow), and Hittite as miya (to grow). It shows up in words such as
bUyUk, biyik, miyik (tall, high) etc. I bet nobody can etymologize the famous English
word "big" or even believe that it can be directly related to "biyik" and that it
can easily be a borrowing from about 200 years of Hunnish rule. That is why historical linguistics
is still mostly chauvenism not science.

6. gid 1. entfernen (D. 60) ?d salmak, göndermek, serbest b?rakmak (DLT,I,210); salmak, göndermek, serbest b?rakmak, geçirmek, ulas,t?rmak (KBI., 181)
to let go, to let free, to send, to allow to be free, to allow to reach, etc.

This now shows up as "iy", and shows up in "iye" (master, owner) and is likely
the word in Sumerian "Ea".

7. gid (II gid2) drängen (D.60) it- itmek(DLT, I, 17I)
to push

8. gig to be ill, to ache, to hurt, to give pain (Grd. 358) ig hastal?k (DLT, I, 48), hastal?k, hasta (KBI.. 188)
illness, sickness

9. gis, wood , tree (GRD. 360) y?s, orman, dag(, ag(aç, çal? (EHG. 436)

10. gis,ig Tür (D. I 30), door (EHG. 436) es,ik kap? (KBI., 206)

eshik=kapI = door

esh is likely "ach" (to open). and kap has lots of meanings including
"to cover", kapa=to close, e.g. to enclose, to cover, kabuk=skin, bark,
kap = pumpkin, kap=container, etc.

11. gis,kim willow (MSL, IV, 20) y?lg?n ?lg?n, ?lg?n, ag(ac?, Tamariska (DLT, III, 375 ?lg?n tamarisk (Rd. 501) 12. gud ox (Grd. 362), Stier (D.51). gu Rind (MSL, III, 137) ud s?g(?r, öküz (GLT, I, 45), bog(a (burcu); s?g(?r KBI., 488)
okuz=ox.

Altaic and Turkic are supposed to have had an initial-p that changed to a bilabial fricative
and then disappeared. This is likely the root of this e.g. *pOkUrz (according to Doerfer),
and likely related to pecus. It is claimed as usual to be a borrowing e.g. from Tocharian(?)
uchsen(?). One wonders how the words hOkur can be derived from uchsen but to most
Turkologists that is not germane. Then celebrate when they can claim something in Turkic
is borrowed from Chinese, Arabic, Iranian, Tocharian, Ket, Korean, Mongolian, Japanese,
French, English, German, Russian, Sanskrit, ....

13. gukin ökumene (MSL, III, 1465, krs,. ukkin Versammlung (MSL, III, 146) ökün para, gül ve buna benzer s,eylerin y?g(?n? (DLT, I, 75), öküm y?g(?n (DLT, I, 755; üg- y?g(mak (KBI., 504) 14. gur10(x) ernten (D. 55) or- kesmek, biçmek, vurmak (DLT, I, 14)

Clearly related to words like "kIr" (break), and wur/ur (hit), the kinds of things
you do when you reap, cut, etc.

15. gurun6 Ernte (D. 55) orum kesim (DLT, I, 75)

III. Sumerian -m vs Turkic -k
This m=k equivalence is very strange and very distant and something
that should no longer be avoided in Nostratic studies.

1. mal (Emesal) to stay (for gal), (Grd. 384) kal- kalmak (DLT, I, 41; KBI., 215)
kal= to stay

2. marun Ameise (D. 160) kar?nça kar?nca (DLT, III, 375)
karinca= ant
It shows up in Russian as sarancha.

3. mas, Grenze (D. 160) kas, herhangi bir s,eyin k?y?s? (DLT, III, 152)
the corner of something

clearly from kes (to cut), and dozens of related words.

4. mas, Zwilling (MSL, III, 133) kos, çift, çifte, herhangi bir s,eyin çifti, es,i (DLT, I, 359)
double

5. mir anger (MSL, IV, 35) k?z- 1. To be angry, cross, il tempered; to be angry, vexed (with), 2. To get hot& (Rd. 661), k?zga- (kul) k?z?p uzaklas,t?rmak, kak?mak (DLT, III. 290)

dozens of related words e.g. kIz.
In fact there is even the m-word in Turkic mIrIlda, and the doublet mIrIn kIrIn, meaning
to mumble under the breath, and protest, e.g. a low intensity version of anger.

6. mu name, fame (literally name) (Grd. 388; MSL, V, 65) kü ün, s,an (DLT, III. 212); ün, san (KBI., 220)
fame

7. mud Blut (MSL, III, 100), blood (Grd. 389) kan kan (DLT, I, 192; KBI., 220)

Iranian xun (blood) is likely from Bolgaric prototurkic, and since
PIE for blood is sang, it looks like Turkic retains the proto-proto-IE word
since due to the kentum-satem split the kentum languages should have had
*kang and not sang. Even something this simple is difficult enough to admit
for most IEanists. I wonder often what drives them or paralyzes them.

8. mulu Fuss (D, 165) köl foot, leg (Lessing, 483)
kol=arm
karIsh= the distance based on arm/hand
apIsh = region between the legs.
aw = region between the legs

it looks like they originally referred to front and rear legs of animals. Akkadian has
QATUM (arm). The word for apple has been said to be from Hebrew, abol, which
also means "testicle" and one can see here that the root *ap/ab refers to the rear
legs and in between the legs. The root shows up in ApsatI (pagan goddess of hunting
in Karachay-Balkar), avla (to hunt), Mongolian abla (to hunt), Apsara (hunter, Abkhazian),
also aksa < *apsa (to limp). There must have been some special way to disable large animals
before the age of metals, etc. perhaps they struck the animal hard in the testicles to stun it
and bring it down quickly. Everyone knows what a kick to the testicles does :-)

Now that brings up the question of what "Apis Bull" is doing in Egypt and Sumer?

PS. Turkic is split along l=sh, and r=z. and obviously abol=abosh (apIsh).

9. mulu (Emesal) man (Grd. 388) kul kul, köle (DLT, I, 27; KBI., 289)
slave

10. mus,en Vogel (MSL, III, 55), bird (Grd. 389) kus, kus,, (DLT, I, 22; KBI., 293)
bird

And it can easily be seen to be related to goose, gans, anders, Turkic kaz (goose) etc.
I derived all these words using the same sound changes that I have shown and it can
be found among the posts either on the Aturan languages list or the Turkoloji list. It can
also be connected with kanat (wing), and *kadh (snow storm). See Herodotus. it can only
be done in Turkic.

-- Mark Hubey hubeyh@... http://www.csam.montclair.edu/~hubey

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-- Mark Hubey hubeyh@... http://www.csam.montclair.edu/~hubey