These notes are mine e.g. either I give English meanings of Turkish words
or
make comments on protoTurkic reconstruction.
H.M. Hubey wrote:
Book on Sumerian by Prof. O. Tuna.
----------------------------------------------------
Sümerce Türkçe Ses Denklikleri (Kurallar?)
(Sumerian-Turkish Regular Sound Change Rules)
A. Dog(rudan Görülebilen Denklikler
(Sound equivalences that can be seen without any changes.)
1. agar lead (metal) (EHG. 34, 58)
ag(?r ag(?r (DLT, I, 52)
heavy
KBal aghar = it flows (e.g. it flows) also used as noun
e.g, achar (key) from ach (to open).
2. azgu neck-stock (for use with animals) (Grd. 331)
asgu <as- asmak (DLT, I, 173), krs,. asgu (DSz. 342), asg? (DSz. 341),
asku (DSz. 345), ask? (DSz. 344)
3. bulug Grenze, Grenzegebiet (D. 31)
bulu? kös,e, bucak, zaviye (DLT, II, 371). kös,e, yön, taraf, cihet
(EUSz. 53)
corner, direction, side
4. di to speak (Grd. 342)
ti demek (DLT, III, 231)
to speak e.g. demek
5. dingir Gott (D. 84), god; (Grd. 341)
te?ri Tanr? (DLT, I, 685, gök, sema (DLT, III, 377)
sky, god, etc
6. du3 (III, 3) voll sein, füllen (D. 73)
to1 dolmak, (KBI., 458), krs,, to-k (KBI., 457) ve to-d- (KBI., 455)
tol=to be filled
toy=to be satisfied
both likely from *todh (and possibly related to "being born" or "being pregnant")
7. dug B. 23. to pour out (D. 78)
tök- dökmek, bos,altmak (DLT, II, 19)
Chuvash tek=to pour.
tOk/dOk (to pour, to empty something)
dOkUl (to be poured e.g. to spill)
There is some little evidence that -Vk was causative the same way -Vn and
sometimes -Vl, or -Vr is passive-reflexive e.g.
yan (ya-an) to burn, to catch on fire
yak (ya-ak) to set on fire
Thus tek/tOk is likely related to *ten which would be at the root of
tengri, tenger, tengiz (e.g. sky, (sky)god, sea).
8. dur seat (MSL, III, 58)
tör evin veya odan?n em iyi, en önemli yeri, sediri (DLT, III, 121)
Also tUsh (to go down, e.g. sit down, Miziev)
9. es, blow (said of wind) (Prince, 106)
es- esmek (DLT, I, 165)
esmek= to blow, for a wind
10. gim like (Akk.(k)ima id.) (MSL, IV, 43), like, as (Grd. 358)
kipi gibi (DLT, I, 483)
Also gibi, kibik, etc with the same meaning e.g. "like, as"
11. ?um 19. Lager, Stall (D. 126)
kom ag(?l, ah?r (SDD, II, 1695) krs,. komuk at gübresi (DLT, I, 383)
12. iduga parfume (MSL, IV, 23)
y?d?g pis kokan, taaffün etmis, (EUSz. 293); kötü kokan hers,ey
(DLT, III, 12); kötü kokulu (s,ey) (KBI., 537)
bad smell
Also shows up as iyis (bad smell) again displaying the kinds of sound changes
which
I have shown to occur accross various language families e.g. IE, Semitic,
Turkic, Sumerian
e.g. * idhug < *idhung <* idhudh > *idhus
13. kad knüpfen (MSL, II, 133), binden (D. 140), kad festlügen (D.
140)
kada- annegeln, befestigen (çç. 147, 2), kadan- pekis,mek,
yerles,mek (TTS, IV, 2157)
to settle (down)
14. kabkagag mayiler koymag(a mahsus bir kap (EDSz. 71), kagag
mayileri koymag(a mahsus bir kap (EDSz. 67); ka a vessel (EHG. 94),
kab id. (EHG., 947)
kapkacak kap kacak (PdC. 3925; Mf. çn. 3 a, 11); kapkaç kap kacak
(TTS, IV, 2148); kakaça içine akarlar konan kap; kapkacak (DLT, III,
211, 238); ka kap, zarf (may? için) (DLT, 407); kap, tabak (KBI.,
2552), kap, kap&,zarf&(DLT, I, 195); kaça kap (DLT, III, 238);
Tkç.
Kap kacak
This is impossible to bury away. kap kagag = kap kacak.
kaca (and kacak?) can even be seen in Clauson.
15. kas,4 speed (Grd. 374) galoppieren (D. 142, IV kas,4)
kaç- kos,mak, seg(irtmek (YTSz. 121)
Also hIz (speed),
kach = to run away, ro run
kosh = to run
16. kas, urin (MSL, II, 144; Grd. 374; D. 42)
kas,+a-n-(hayvan, at) is,emek (DLT, II, 1557), (büyük bas, hayvanlar)
is,emek (YTSz. 129), uriner (PdC. 406)
17. ki machen (D. 103) vgl. Kid, id. (D. 148)
k?-1- yapmak, k?lmak (DLT, I, 36)
kIl = to make, to do
18. kid2 spalten (D. 149), to split, to cut into pieces (MSL, III,
167); kud to cut off (Grd. 378)
k?d- k?ymak, öldürmek (ETY, KT, Güney 6); k?y- k?ymak (KBI., 253;
Tz, 200)
kIy = to slice, kill, to cut
e.g. kIyma = sliced, minced meat
kIlIch = sword < kIlInch
19. kiri6 garden, field (EHG, 63)
k?r k?r, bas?k, dag(, aç?k yer (DLT, I, 324; III, 39)
kIr = steppe, according to Clauson originally an isolated block of mountains
20. ku werfen, lagen, niederlagen, gründen; Niederlessung (D. 143)
ko b?rakmak, terketmek, koymak (YTSz. 143), ko-d- koymak, b?rakmak,
terketmek (DLT, II, 29)
to let go, to leave, to put
21. kur Land (MSL, III, 148)
kuru kara, toprak, yer (TYSz. 149)
kara=land, toprak=earth, land, yer=land
yer shows up as cer also, and thus using Doerfer's reconstruction that
Turkic initial *d changed to y/c we obtain *der which can easily be
related to tir, terra, etc. "der" also shows up in Bolgaric (turkic)
runic on stones in the Caucasus.
22. kur 2. guard, watch (D. 144), protect, shelter (Prince, 212)
kor?- korumak (DLT, III, 263), koru- id. (KBI., 272)
korumak=to protect
I relate these words to the obvious:
kara=to look
kOr = to see
kOz = eye
The word comes from "being a lookout" e.g. standing guard. And I realate
"guard" to the same root, and is likely from Etruscan.
23. men II ich (D. 162)
men ben (EUSz. 129)
24. nammu what (is) it? (MSL, IV, 42)
neme ne kadar? DLT, III, 38) ne? (DLT, III, 214)
neme=ne kadar = how much, what
25. nig thing (Grd. 394), nig whatsoever (MSL, III, 69)
nen nesne, s,ey, mal (DLT, I, 126; KBI., 328)
thing
26. nigname whatever (MSL, IV, 30) (bk. Yk. 21, 22)
nenmenin hers,ey, her ne ise (Mk. E. 199)
everything, whatever
27. sag gut (MSL, III, 127)
sag sag(, that, iyi, temiz, halis; sag(, sag(lam (DLT, III, 154, 159)
saG=healthy, right, good, clean, pure
28. sa?ar a sort of vessel (D. 175)
sag?r içerisine s,arap konulan, havana benzer söbü bir kap(DLT, I, 406)
a large container for storing wine
However, this word is related to the root above e.g. tek/tOk (to pour).
We have the words tegene, tegen, tekne (vat, tub), and we have the doublet
tegen saxan (KBal), and saxan refers to a large tray.
29. sig dünn (MSL. III, 148)
s?g shallow; shoal (Rd. 1010), s?ga s?g( (YTSz. 1857)
30. sum geben (D. 178), to give (MSL, IV, 38)
sun- sunmak, uzatmak (KBI., 409)
to give, to offer, to reach out with something as a sign of offering
31. tag (I-12) fangen, jagen (D. 203-204)
daga- to follow, accompany, travel with; to submit oneself to obey; to
imitate& (Lessing 216)
32. ta? hinzufüen (MSL, III, 123)
tak- takmak (DLT, II, 16, 17), takmak, bag(lanmak EUSz. 221)
to hang, to be tied
33. te(ga) to attain, to reach, to touch upon (Grd. 418), tag to
touch (Grd. 416)
teg- deg(mek, dokunmak, ulas,mak (KBI., 431
to touch, to reach
)
34. tibira mental (Falkenstein, 17)
temir demir (EUSz. 233)
35. tin Leben (MSL, III, 141)
t?n ruh, nefes, soluk (KBI., 441)
related to the famous set of ti-words, tiri=alive, etc.
36. tu eintreten (MSL, III, 113), to enter (Grd. 420)
tu- kapatmak, t?kamak, kaplamak (KBI., 465)
to close, to stop up, to cover
37. tuku weben, Kleid (D. 207)
toku- 1. dokumak (EUSz. 245)
38. tuku schütteln, wanken (D. 207)
toku- 2. vurmak (EUSz. 245), tok?- vurmak, dövmek, ezmek,
tokmaklamak (EUSz. 244)
to beat, to hit, to crush e.g. tokmak (mallet)
39. tuku7 V, 7, verfolgen, jagen (D. 207)
daga- to follow, accompany, travel with& (Lessing, 216)
40. u Schlaf (MSL, III, 675, u, Schlaf, ruhen (D. 99)
u uyku (EUSz. 262; DLT, III, 247)
uyku=sleep
uyu = to sleep
41. u Zehn (D. 98, 1 u. A. 1))
on on EUSz. 141; DLT, I, 49)
on=ten
42. ubur weibliche Brust (MSL, II, 145; D. 102), teats (Grd. 426;
Falkenstein, 26)
öbür breast, bosom, front, lap; part of the dress or coat covering the
breast; south, southern side of a mountain (Lessing. 628), krs,. kögüz
id.
43. ud Zeit (D. 104), time (in general) (Grd. 425)
öd zaman, vakit, mevsim, hava (DLT, I, 44, II, 77); zaman, vakit
(KBI., 351)
time, air, season
44. udi sleep (MSL,III, 67); Schlafen (D. 100)
ud?- uyumak (EUSz. 262; DLT, I, 39)
45. umus, 2. Werk (D. 108, 111)
yumus, hizmet, vazife (KBI., 558); is,, hizmet, görev, ödev (YTSz. 252)
service, duty, work, homework
46. ur ernten, (Korn) schneiden (MSL, III, 146)
or- kesmek, biçmek, vurmak (DLT, I, 14)
to reap, to hit, to cut
47. urgu lager (D. 111)
örgük sahtiyandan yap?lm?s, minder ve dös,ek (Muh. 55); örgin, örgün
taht (EUSz. 1520, örge tente pavillon PdC. 55)
48. uri jener Tag, ferner Tag (Falkenstein, 34)
uri+d (çf. ur?da, ur?du) before, formerly; in advance, before hand,
previous to (Lessing. 881)
49. us, Verstand (MSL, III, 111; D. 113, III. us3)
us ak?l (EUSz. 267), hay?r ve s,erri ay?rtedis, (DLT, I, 36)
us=akIl= intelligence
e.g.
uslu = well-behaved, intelligent
Chuvash as, KBal es, etc. This is at the root of the infamous *awesta:d (alleged
Iranian)
that was chewed for years on sci.lang, and at the root of usta, ustad, ustaz
etc.
50. us, Werk (D. 108, us4, 3)
is, is, (EUSz. 99; DLT, II, 166), is, id.
ish=work, job
51. zag right side (MSL, III, 85) (D. 115, I zag)
sag sag( taraf (TTSz. V, 3240), right, the right hand side (Rd. 972)
52. zibin insekt (D. 120)
çibin sinek (Muh. 25; Idr. 29); çubun sinek (KBI., 129)
--
Mark Hubey
hubeyh@...
http://www.csam.montclair.edu/~hubey
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--
Mark Hubey
hubeyh@...
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