This is a short discussion of some religious terms used by the ancient Germani. My primary source on this is D. H. Green's Language and history in the Early Germanic World. Green's book is not light reading, but it is accessible to the non-expert.
There were several terms used to refer to Divine Entities. I don't believe Green gives an exhaustive treatment of these. The following is my assessment of his intent:
The word T�r is used both as the name of the God T�r, and as an appellative when conjoined with an adjective. For example, the term Verat�r, a descriptive name for ��inn meaning "God of Men(masculinity)". T�r, to my knowledge, is used exclusively in reference to male �sir. T�var is used in a similar manner to refer to a collection of Gods. For example, Valt�var, meaning "Gods of the Battle-Slain" or loosely, "War Gods". I do not know of an instance where T�var is used directly as a term meaning "Gods", though it seems to make grammatical sense. The name T�r traces back to the Indo-European Shy Father. This indicates that His preeminence was replaced by that of ��inn. ��inn seems to parallel the �ryan Kshatriya complementary duo Mitra-Varuna (to be discussed elsewhere.) Grammatically the term T�r seems closer to the English "God" than does the ON Go�.
The term Go� in ON (and its cognates in other ancient Germanic languages) was neuter, and often used as a collective plural. It indicated "Divine Power" or "Divine Essence". The english word which seems to come closest to this is Divinity. The term Go� did appear in appellatives such as Hangago� (the Hanged God, ��inn), and �ndurgo� (the Ski Goddes, Ska�i) This demonstrates Go� is not gender specific. It also appears in Helligo� a descriptive term for Manes which means "Souls of the Dead". We see the word go� can be used in the collective plural or in the singular. This is similar to the use of the word deer to mean one animal or the collective species. It also has a conotation of an uncountable substance gramatically similar to air. Thus the word Go� is best understood as refering generally to the entire Divine Realm, and not to a personality.
These are variants of the same term. They mean "Ruling Powers (of the �sir)". Cognates of these words appear in compounds meaning "Divine Judgement", "Divine Council", "Decision made by the Council of �sir", etc. These terms emphasize the collective assembly of the �sir.
It is probably best to think of the Authority of the �sir collectively, rather than as the authority of completely autonomous entities acting without regard to the interests of their fellow �sir. Indeed the collective Council of the �sir is itself a Divine Entity.
These terms mean "Bonds" or "Fetters" and are to be understood as connoting the interdependence of the �sir. To quote Green: "[R]egin denoted a legislative body or an assembly of those wielding power, whilst the general meaning of B�nd and H�pt suggests that the gods could only be conceived as such by their combination, forming a joint network." There is most likely also a connotation of humans being bound to the �sir, and to eachother by virtue of the shared bond.
All the words Green places under the heading of "Good Fortune" are variants of Heil. To summerize, Heil connotes wellbeing in both the Spiritual and secular sense. It means "health", "good fortune" (in the sense of having the favor of the �sir,) "Holy", "Heal" (in the physical, emotional, and Spiritual senses), "Whole" (as in wholesome), etc. Heil is the reward for properly fulfilling religious obligations.