Re: PIE *kreus-

--- In cybalist@yahoogroups.com, "The Egyptian Chronicles" <the_egyptian_chronicles@...> wrote:

> PIE has *krus-to- "that which has been hardened," from base *kreus- "to begin to freeze, form a crust". Until recently this was thought to be exclusively Indo-European. However, this notion can be discarded when compared with Classical Arabic (a non Indo-European language) which has the term "qrs" with the exact range of meanings.
>

This looks too simplified to me. The comparison of OHG hroso with OE hrúse shows * kruwuso+ > * kruwuso+ / kruso+; Lith. kruvesis suggests * kruwesiyo+ < * krewisuyo+ < * krew-x-suwo+ (w dis. w-w > w-y). A common * krew-x-suwo+ / kruw-x-suwo+ (according to the rules I've given) would be possible, making the Gmc. * kruw-x-suwo+ > * kruwusuwo+ > * kruwuso+ (w hap. uw-uw>0). This connects them to * kr.ew-x+ (for 'scab, blood, etc.'). Their common source is IE, not as far back as PIE (which is more complex, giving rise to many more types rec. w -st-, -zd-, etc.).


Proto-Semitic is more complicated than standard rec. shows. It's likely related to North Caucasian * ak'-Xwank'-Xa-q'u > * qW':ank'at.'u / qW':anrat.'u / etc. = harden (Ax. qW':ãk'eda- / q':areda- ; etc.).