w-glide

From: Torsten
Message: 67683
Date: 2011-06-04

Also, why does <vienas> "one" have <v->? Is it the same reason Russian <vosem'> "eight" has <v->? (Which, I assume, is due to the development of an original [w]-glide before the /o/ in initial position, analogous to the development of /v-/< *[w-] in initial *u: becoming <vy-> as in <vydra> "otter").
>
> Andrew


Rick Derksen
Etymological Dictionary
of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon

'*o,dìti v. (c) 'smoke'
W Cz. uditi; Pl. wędzić
S
Sln. vodíti, 1sg. vodím;
odíti 'smoke', 1sg. odím
PIE *(s)uondh-
Cogn.
OHG swintan 'fade, pine away, wither';
OE swindan 'subside, fade'
See also: *svędno,ti; *uvędati; *vędno,ti

*ò,glь m. i (a) 'coal'
CS OCS o,glь (Ps. Sin., Supr.) m.(i)
E Ru. úgol’ m.(jo), Gsg. úglja, Gsg. ugljá
W Cz. uhel m.(jo); Slk. uhoľ m.(jo); Pl. węgiel m.(jo)
S
SCr. `ùgalj m.(jo), Gsg. `ùglja;
`ùglje:n m.(o), Gsg. `ùgljena;
Čak. `ùgļen (Vrg.) m.(o), Gsg. `ùgļena;
Sln. ô,gəł m.(o), Gsg. ô,gla;
vô,gəł m.(o), Gsg. vô,gla
BSl. *on?glis
B
Lith. angls f.(i) 4; ánglis m.(io) 1; añglis m.(io) 2;
Latv. ùogle f.(e:)
PIE *h1ongw-l-
Cogn.
Skt. án.gāra- (RV+) m. 'coal' (with a suffix *-ŏ:l-)
Probably a hysterodynamic l-stem.
See also: *ògņь; *vygъņь; *vygъņa

*ô,gъlъ m. o (c) 'corner'
CS OCS o,gъlъ
E Ru. úgol, Gsg. uglá
W Cz. úhel; Slk. uhol; Pl. węgieł
S
SCr. `ùgal (dial.);
Sln. ô,gəł, Gsg. ô,gla;
vô,gəł, Gsg. vô,gla;
Bulg. ă´găl
PIE *h2eng-
Cogn.
Lat. angulus m. 'corner, angle';
OIc. ekkja f. 'ankle, heel’;
Arm. ankiwn 'corner'
Derivative in *-ъlь of *o,g- < *h2eng-.

*o,gorь m. jo 'eel'
E Ru. úgor' ‘eel, blackhead', Gsg. ugrjá
W
Cz. úhoř 'eel';
Slk. úhor m.(o) 'eel';
uhor m.(o) 'pork tapeworm, blackhead', Gsg. uhra;
Pl. węgorz 'eel';
USrb. wuhor 'eel'; LSrb. wugoŕ 'eel'
S
SCr. `ùgor m.(o) 'eel';
Čak. `ùgor (Vrg.) m.(o) 'conger eel', Gsg. `ùgora;
`ùgōr (Novi) m.(o) 'conger eel', Gsg. `ùgora;
Sln. ogó,r 'eel', Gsg. ogó,rja
BSl. *angurio-
B
Lith. ungury~s m.(io) 'eel' (with E. Lith. un- < *an-)
OPr. angurgis m.(io) 'eel'
PIE *h2engwh-ur-io-
Cogn.
Lat. anguilla f. 'eel';
Fi. ankerias 'eel'
See also: *ó,žь

*o,kotь f. i
CS SerbCS o,kotь 'hook'
E ORu. ukot’ 'claw, anchor'
BSl. *h2onk-
B Lith. ánka (K, WP) f. 1 'snare, noose'
Cogn.
Skt. a.nká- (RV+) m. 'hook, clamp';
Gk. `όγκος m. 'hook';
Lat. uncus 'hook m.
The root of this derivative is *h2onk-, cf. Lat. ancus (Paul. ex Fest.) m. 'with crooked arms' < *h2enk-. For the meaning of the root, cf. Skt. añc- 'bend'.

*o,sъ m. o (b) 'moustache'
CS RuCS o,sъ 'moustache, beard'
E Ru. us 'hair of a moustache, whisker', Npl. usý 'moustache'
W
Cz. vous 'beard hair', Npl. vousy 'beard';
Pl. wąs 'moustache', Npl. wąsy 'moustache'
S
Sln. vô,s 'moustache', Npl. vosi 'id.';
vó,se Npl. f.(ā) 'moustache'
BSl. *wónsum
B
Lith. uõstai (Žem.) Npl. m.(o) 2 'moustache'
OPr. wanso 'first beard'
PIE *uondh-s-om
Cogn.
OHG wintbrāwa f. 'eye-lash';
MIr. find m. 'hair'

*ō,trò n. o (b) 'inside, coe'
E
Ru. nutró 'inside, coe';
Bel. nutró 'inside, coe';
Ukr. nutró 'inside, coe'
PIE *h1on-tr-ó-m
Cogn.
āntrá- (RV, AV+) n. 'intestine' (with unexplained a);
Gk. `έvτεpα Npl. n. 'entrails'
The initial n- originates from vъn- 'in' as a result of reanalysis, cf. -> *o,trь.

*ō,tròba f. ā (a) 'entrails'
CS OCS o,troba 'entrails'
E Ru. utróba 'womb, (coll.) belly'
W
Cz. útroba 'entrails';
Slk. útroba 'entrails, womb';
Pl. wątroba 'entrails'
S
SCr. `ùtroba 'intestines, womb';
Čak. utr`òba (Vrg.) 'intestines';
utr`òba (Orb.) 'intestines';
Sln. otróba 'entrails, womb';
vó,troba (Meg., Dalm.) 'entrails'
PIE *h1on-tro-
Cogn.
Skt.
āntrá- (RV, AV+) n. 'intestine';
Gk. `έvτεpα Npl. n. 'entrails'
Slavic has a suffix *-ba, cf. OCS zъloba 'badness'.
See also: *jędrò; *jętrò; *ō,trà; o,trь

*o,trь adv. 'inside, within'
CS OCS o,trь (Supr.); vъno,trь
E Ru. vnutr' adv./prep.; vnutrí adv./prep.; ORu. utrь
W Cz. vnitř; uvnitř; OCz. vňutř; Slk. vnútri; Pl. wewnątrz
S SCr. unútar; unútra; Sln. nô,tər 'in, inside'; nó,tri 'inside'
Adverb based on *h1on-tr-, cf. -> *ō,trò.

*o,ty f. Å« 'duck'
CS CS o,ty f.(Å«)
E
Ru. útka f.(ā); utvá (dial.) f.(ā);
ORu. uty ?? f.(ū), Gsg. utъve;
utovь f.(ū);
Bel. uć f.(i)
S
SCr. `ùtva f.(ā);
Sln. ô,tva f.(ā)
BSl. *an?t-
B
Lith. ántis f.(i) 1
OPr. antis (EV)
PIE *h2enh2-t-
Cogn.
Skt. ātí- f. 'aquatic bird';
Lat. anas f. 'duck';
OHG anut f. 'duck'

*o,ziti v. 'constrain'
CS
RuCS o,ziti 'constrain, torture' (cf. OCS o,zilište n. 'prison')
E
Ru. úzit' 'make narrow, straiten', 1sg. úžu, 3sg. úzit;
ORu. uziti 'constrain, torture'
S
SCr. úziti 'make narrow, straiten', 1sg. ûzīm
PIE *h2omģh-eie-
For the root, see -> *o,zъkъ.

*ò,zlъ m. o (a) 'knot'
CS SerbCS o,zlъ; vo,zlъ
E Ru. úzel, Gsg. uzlá
W Cz. uzel; Slk. uzol; Pl. węzeł
S
SCr. `ùzao, Gsg. `ùzla;
Čak. ûzaļ (Vrg.), Gsg. ûzļa;
ûzal (Novi), Gsg. ûzla;
wôzalj (Orb.) m.(jo);
Sln. vózəł, Gsg. vózla;
ózəł, Gsg. ózla;
Bulg. vă´zel
BSl. *on?ź-(ō)l-
B
Lith. ą´žuolas 1/3 ‘oak';
Latv. uôzuõls ‘oak'
OPr. ansonis ‘oak'
In his list of laryngealized roots in Slavic, Kortlandt (1975a: 63) groups the above-mentioned Slavic and Baltic together, which since a publication by Zubatý is not uncommon. This etymology is sometimes integrated with the hypothesis that *ò,zlъ is cognate with -> *vęzati. In view of the tone of the root this connection is problematic.

*o,zъkъ adj. o 'narrow'
CS OCS o,zъkъ
E Ru. úzkij; úzok, f. uzká, n. úzko
W Cz. úzký; Slk. úzky; Pl. wqzki
S
SCr. `ùzak, f. `ùska, f. usk`à;
Čak. `ùsak, f. usk`à, n. `ùsko;
Sln. ó,zək, f. ó,zka
BSl. *anź-(u)-
B Lith. añkštas
PIE *h2emģh-u-
Cogn.
Skt. am.hú-;
Lat. angustus;
Go. aggwus
See also: *o,ziti; *vęzati; *uvęsti

*ó,žь m. jo (b) 'snake'
E Ru. už 'snake', Gsg. užá; ORu. užь 'snake'
W
Cz. užovka f. 'adder';
Slk. užovka f. 'adder';
Pl. węż 'snake', Gsg. węża;
USrb. wuž 'grass snake';
LSrb. wuž 'snake, (dial.) maggot'
S
Čak. wõš (Orb.) 'kind of black snake', Gsg. wož`à;
Sln. ó,ž 'grass snake';
vo,4ž 'snake'
BSl. *angi(o)s
B
Lith. angìs f.(i) 4 'snake';
Latv. uôdze f.(e:) 'adder'
PIE *h2engwh-i-
Cogn.
Lat. anguis m. 'snake';
OHG unc m. 'snake';
MIr. escung m. 'eel'
See also: *o,gъrь


It seems the w-glide has something to do with an original nasal wovel, and especially Polish is prone to it.


An odd example:
German Winkel "corner, angle, place, spot" (Dutch winkel "shop")
http://dictionary.reverso.net/german-english/Winkel
Polish węgiel "corner", cf ô,gъlъ above, cognate with Latin angulus.
In other words it looks as if High German borrowed this word from a Low German loan of the Polish word.

Using the same alternate w-glide we can match German Anger, Danish eng "meadow" with Danish vang "field"
http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vang_(jordbrug) ,
and the
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vangiones
with the Igylliones?

Otherwise, how about making the Igylliones węglarze
http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C4%99glarz_(zaw%C3%B3d)
ie.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcoal
makers (why doesn't that profession have a name in English?)?

Or, cf.
*výgъņь; *výgъņa m jo; f jā 'forge'
W
Cz. výheň f.(i/jā) 'forge, hearth, blazing heat';
Slk. vyhňa f. (jā) 'forge, hearth';
USrb. wuheń m.(jo) 'chimney, stove-pipe'
S
SCr. v`ìganj m.(jo) 'forge';
Sln. vígənj m.(jo) 'forge, hearth, sledge-hammer'
The root *vyg- reflects *un?g < *h1ngw-. Here Winter's law was not blocked by a cluster *ngn, nor was the root affected by lowering (-> ògņь, *ò,glь). There is no reason to assume that the initial *v is the preposition 'in', cf. *v`ydra.

perhaps 'the smiths'?



Torsten