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ISHINAN:
Thanks Torsten for sharing the information about
kalfatr-, qalfata
Allow me
to reciprocate your favor quadrupled repaid
with the following appropriate sequel on the topic
of CAULKING: clay / gesso / gypsum / mud,
etc..
1- Classical Arabic
_kls_ (Kalas) Quick lime, a calcined substance used by
alchemists, _Kalas_ : to plaster with lime,
_KalAsah_ : A lime Kiln
1st occurrence: In a
pre-Islamic(Gahiyliyah) poem by `Adiyy Ibn Zayd, describing the
plastered/caulked interstices stones of the palaces in the ancient Arab
city of H.ad.ra situated between the Euphrates and Tigris in
al-Anbar, Iraq. Al- H.ad.ra was founded by ancient Arab
tribes on the western fringes of the Parthian Empire some time in the
3rd century BCE. (see fig. # 1)
Compare with: CEALC,
es; m. Plaster, cement, CHALK; calx
arenata,
calx
:-- Iuuinianus
wæs sume
niht
on ánum
niwcilctan
húse:
ðá hét he bétan
ðaer-inne
mycel
fýr,
forðon
hit wæs ceald
weder.
Ðá ongan
se cealc
mid unge-mete
UNCERTAIN
stincan,
ðá wearþ
Iuuinianus
mid ðam Braeþe
ofsmorod
Jovian was one night in a newly-plastered house: then he ordered a great fire to be lighted therein, because it was cold weather. Then the plaster began to fume excessively, and Jovian was smothered with the vapour, Ors.
6, 32; Bos.
129,
9-12. [Dut. Kalk, f; Kil. Kalck: Ger. Kalk,
kalch, m: M. H. Ger. Kalc, m: O. H. Ger. Calc,
chalch: Dan. Kalk, m. F: Swed. Norw. Kalk, m: Icel. Kalk, n: Lat. Calx, And f: Wel. Corn. Calch, m: Ir. Calc: Gael. Cailc, f: Manx kelk, m.] DER.
Niw-cilct.
Chalk O.E. Cealc "chalk,
lime, plaster, pebble," a W.Gmc. Borrowing from L. Calx (2)
"limestone, lime (crushed limestone), small stone," from Gk.
Khalix "small pebble," which many trace to a PIE root for "split, break
up."
Caulk Late 14c., from
O.N.Fr. Cauquer, from L.L. Calicare "to stop up chinks with lime," from L.
Calx (2) "lime, limestone" (see chalk). Original sense is
nautical, of making ships watertight. In
most Germanic languages still with the "limestone" sense, but in English
transferred to the opaque, white, soft limestone found abundantly in the south
of the island. Modern spelling is from early 14c.
Calcium (from Latin
calx, genitive calcis, meaning "lime")
was known as early as the first century when the Ancient Romans prepared
lime as calcium oxide. Literature dating back to 975 AD notes that plaster of
Paris (calcium sulfate), is useful for setting broken
Bones.
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2- Classical
Arabic: Gs.s. (gys.s.): He plastered a
building with _gys.s._ or gypsum.
Compare with:
Gesso Plaster of Paris, 1590s, from It. Gesso, from
L. Gypsum (see gypsum).
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3- Classical Arabic
gbs (gibs): Gypsum See Fig. # 3
Compare
with: Gypsum: Late 14c., from L. Gypsum, from
Gk. Gypsos "chalk," according to Klein, perhaps of Semitic
origin (cf. Arabic jibs, Heb. Gephes "plaster").
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4a - Classical Arabic _
mdr_ : He plastered a building with _madar_
mud or clay . _Madar_: town or village built
with mud and unburnt bricks. Ahl al-madar :
the people of the towns or villages (houses built with
mud) versus Ahl al- wabar: people of the
tents. Excrement is also metonymically termed
_madar_ clay /mud See fig.. #
4a
4A Compare with: muþra
m. Schlamm, Sumpf, Moder. ndl. modder Schlamm, Hefe, engl. mother Satz, Hefe; spätmhd. (md.) moder m. in Verwesung übergegangener Körper, Moder, Sumpfland, Moor, nhd. schweiz. mûderig schimmlig, neblig. Daneben mndl. modde, Schlamm, Dreck, m.engl. mudde, n.engl. mud,
md. mot Moor, Morast. S. smut. vgl. skr. mutra n. Harn; zend. mûthra. Unreinigkeit, Schmutz. uud
:
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4b- _ muduwr_ (
from _mdr_ ) : a moat,
a manmade mound or natural. See fig.. #
4b
Compare with
Compare with 4C-
mud: c.1300, cognate with and probably from M.L.G. mudde, M.Du. modde "thick mud,"
from P.Gmc. *mud- from PIE *meu-/*mu-, found in many words denoting "wet" or "dirty"
(cf. Gk. mydos "damp," Pol. mul "slime," Skt. mutra-
"urine," Avestan muthra- "excrement, filth"); related
to Ger. schmutz "dirt," which also is used for "mud"
to avoid dreck, which originally meant
"excrement."
Best regards
Ishinan
5/2/2011