Re: From Przeworsk into the Yiddishkeit?

From: Torsten
Message: 66612
Date: 2010-09-16

Translation of the Danish quote:

http://www.jcbang.dk/main/runes/RHMfebruar02redjuni2006.pdf

'Om tidens ideologiske forhold iøvrigt hæfter Brøndsted sig ved en markant ændring i "germanernes religion": I tiden mellem 50 f.Kr. og 100 e.Kr. dukker guderne Odin, Tyr og Tor op i det germanske område, og Brøndsted finder den lærdom, "at Odin ankom til Norden o. år 70 f.Kr. mere respektabel, end man umiddelbart ville tro":

'Noget ganske nyt, endeligt, bringer Tacitus' oplysning i »Germania« om germanernes hovedguder: treklangen »Merkur«, »Mars« og »Herkules«, uden tvivl den latinske navneiklædning for Odin, Tyr og Tor. Dette meddeler Tacitus (o. år 100) med stor sikkerhed, ca. 150 år efter at Cæsar i sin bog »Gallerkrigen« kan sige om germanerne, at de kun dyrker naturguddomme, såsom sol, ild og måne. I tiden mellem de to forfattere synes noget at være sket i germanernes religion. (s.488).
[...] I romertidens noget brogede billede af kult og religion er der bestanddele, som f.eks. Nerthus med vognen og »Isis« med skibet, der kan tænkes at række langt tilbage i nordisk religion, helt til bronzealdertraditioner. Men hertil hører de tre nævnte germanerguder Odin, Tyr og Tor, så vidt ses, slet ikke. Deres herkomst er dunkel, men det er ikke usandsynligt, at de er kommet til germanerne i tiden omkring Kristi fødsel. Lærdommen i den gamle historiker P.F.Suhms skolelærebog, at Odin ankom til Norden o. år 70 f. Kr. er vist mere respektabel, end man umiddelbart ville tro. (s.489)'

I det følgende formulerer Brøndsted en indvandringshypotese, hvor han forestiller sig en indvandring i to bølger, en omkring år 0 og en anden vel engang i 200-tallet af samme slags folk. Brøndsted kalder dette afsnit for "Danernes Komme" og skriver heri bl.a.:

'Kort efter Kristi fødsel, altså straks ved begyndelsen til ældre romertid, må der være foregået en indvandring til Danmark af udpræget langskallede folk af nordisk type. [...] Det må endvidere antages, at en ny indvandring af samme slags folk, altså af nordisk type, fandt sted i yngre romertid, vel engang i 200-tallet. [...] På denne måde får vi et billede, som ganske vist er usikkert i omridset, at der i 200-tallet er foregået en invasion i Danmark østfra, et erobringstogt, hvis første resultat blev Sjælland, næste Østfyn, hvorefter fremstødet gik i stå, idet forsøgene på at undertvinge de vestlige dele af landet mislykkedes. (s.490) [...] Ved at forjage herulerne kan danerne i løbet af yngre romertid have bemægtiget sig de sydnordiske egne, som blev deres fremtidige hjemland, kaldet Danmark. Jordanes siger det pågældende sted [Jordanes o. 550], vistnok om danerne, at disse gør krav på at være højest af vækst blandt alle skandinaviske folk. Dette stemmer godt med, at de antropologiske målinger af romertidens skeletter fra Danmark viser en stigning i mændenes gennemsnitshøjde. Det kan således ikke nægtes, at tanken om danernes komme til vort land engang i 200-tallet kan finde en vis støtte i såvel arkæologisk som historisk kildestof, selv om dette sidste unægtelig er både sent og knapt. Teorien styrkes af visse stednavnes fordeling på Fyn (-lev i nordøst, -inge i sydvest), som i sin tid af H.V.Clausen blev sat i forbindelse med en formodet erobring udgået fra Sjælland. (s.492).''


"Further on the ideological situation of that time Brøndsted notes a significant change in the "religion of the Germani": In the time between 50 BCE and 100 CE the gods Odin, Tyr og Tor emerge in the Germanic territory, and Brøndsted finds the adage, "that Odin arrived in the North appr. 70 BCE more respectable, than one would believe at first":

'Something quite new, final, Tacitus' information in 'Germania' of the main gods of the Germani: the trinity 'Mercury', 'Mars' and 'Hercules', without doubt the Latin garb for Odin, Tyr and Thor. This Tacitus reports (around 100 CE) with great certainty, appr. 150 years after Caesar in his book 'The Gallic War' can say of the Germani, that they worship only the divinities of nature, such as sun, fire and moon. In the time between the two authors something seems to have happened in the religion of the Germani. (p. 488).

[...] In the somewhat messy picture of cult and religion in the Roman Iron Age there are parts, such as eg. Nerthus with the wain and 'Isis' with the ship, which may conceivably go far back in Nordic religion, all the way to Bronze Age traditions. But the three gods of the Germani we mentioned, Odin, Tyr og Tor, as far as can be seen, don't belong here. Their provenance is murky, but it is not improbable, that they come to the Germani in the time around the birth of Christ. The adage in the school book by the old historian P.F.Suhm, that Odin arrived in the North appr. 70 BCE seems to be more respectable, than one would believe at first" (p. 489)'

In the sequence Brøndsted formulates an immigration hypothesis, where he imagines an immigration in two waves, one around the year 0 and another one probably sometime in the 200's by the same kind of people. Brøndsted calls this chapter "The arrival of the Danes" and writes in it i.a.:

'Shortly after the birth of Christ, thus immediately at the beginning of Early Roman Iron Age, an immigration to Denmark of distinctly doligocephalic people of Nordic type must have taken place. [...] It must further be assumed that a new immigration of the same kind of people, ie. of Nordic type, took place in Late Roman Iron Age, probably at some time in the 200's. [...] In this fashion we get a picture, although diffuse in its contours, that in the 200's an invasion in Denmark from the east took place, a campaign of conquest, the first result of which was Sjælland, next East Fyn, whereafter the push ground to a halt, as the attempts to subjugate the western parts of the country failed. (p. 490) [...] By expelling the Heruli the Danes during Late Roman Iran Age may have taken possession of the Southern Nordic regions, which became their future home, called Denmark. Jordanes says in the quote referred to [Jordanes o. 550], perhaps of the the Danes, that these claim to be the tallest among all Scandinavian peoples. This matches well the fact that anthropological measurements of skeletons of the Roman Iron Age from Denmark show an increase of male average height. Thus it can't be denied that the thought of the arrival of the Danes sometime in the 200's may find a certain support in archaeological as well as historical source material, even though this latter undeniably is both late and scarce. The theory is strengthened by the distribution of certain place names on Fyn (-lev in the northeast, -inge i the southwest), which by H.V.Clausen in his time was being related to an assumed conquest coming from Sjælland. (p. 492).''

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Br%C3%B8ndsted
http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Br%C3%B8ndsted



Torsten