Re: Res: [tied] Re: Latin tempus

From: Anatoly Guzaev
Message: 66093
Date: 2010-04-18

Maybe we can compare Greek στόμα 'mouth' with Slavic usta 'mouth' (Russ уста; OSl оуста, Lat. ostium). It also may be related to the Slavic verb stavit (Russ ставить 'put'; вложить/ставить в уста 'put into the mouth'; SC staviti u usta 'put into the mouth', Cz po-stavit 'put'), which is probably derived from the noun stolb 'pillar, shaft, stanchion' (Cz oštěp 'shaft, spear', SC stub 'pillar, column', OIce stöpull 'column, tower', Eng. steeple, stave, Ger. Stab). Also stopa (Russ стопа, 'foot', ступня 'foot, sole', SC stupati 'step', Cz stoupání 'climbing'. For instance, Serbo-Croatian stablo 'tree, trunk' (probably the source of stolb) is undoubtedly related to stopalo 'foot' and to the verb staviti 'put' (cf. Eng. put and foot). SC ostava 'pantry, store' (from staviti, ostaviti 'deposit, store'; Skt sthāman 'place').The word stomach (SC stomak 'abdomen, belly', probably from Greek στόμᾰχος) may represent the above-mentioned store or pantry (SC ostava), from PIE *sta- and, possible, from the Ur-form *hobl-(h)-na (PSlav *оbьlъ; Russ обл, Cz oblý, LSorb hobli 'roundish, orbed', клапан 'piston', SC klip 'cob, dowel, piston, pivot', Ger Kolben).
Of course, there are the other Slavic words which could additionally corroborate the above assumption. For example, Russian есть means 'eat', 'there is' in sense of existence/essence (cf. Russ истина 'truth'), and 'all right, yes' - and that doesn't seem to be coincidental.
Latin templum also may be related to stablo, stem and even table (now we can suppose that table is related to Slavic stol 'table'; from *stobl-).
On the other hand, Latin amplus 'large, spacious' is a clear-cut cognate of PSlavic *obilъ (Russ обилие 'abundance, plenty', SC obilje 'abundance, plenitude'.
Greek κλιμακίς 'stair', καυλός 'stem' (cf. στέλεχος 'trunk, log') appeared to be related to the above Russian клапан (Ger Kolben) in the same way as stablo 'stem' (Russ стебель 'stalk, stem'; PSlav *stьblь-; Gr στυλοβάτης 'base of a column', κᾰλᾰμη 'stalk').
Finally, if we consider carefully what Vasmer rote about the word лепить we may possibly be able to enter into the area of much dipper "perspective" of semantic and metonymical changes during the long-lasting development of IE languages.



To: cybalist@yahoogroups.com
From: dgkilday57@...
Date: Fri, 16 Apr 2010 21:14:11 +0000
Subject: Res: [tied] Re: Latin tempus

 

--- In cybalist@... s.com, "Joao S. Lopes" <josimo70@.. .> wrote:
>
> Did *tempos replace an older *temHos ? What's the explanation for the -p- in templus and amplus?

I see no replacement here. If Greek <temakhos> 'slice of salted fish' belongs with this root, the extension could be either *tem-h2- or *tem-n- (cf. <stomakhos>, <stoma> from *stom-n-). Sanskrit <tamisra:-> shows that the second vowel of Latin <tenebrae> represents a laryngeal, thus probably *temh2-sreh2- , originally 'division between day and night, twilight', hence 'gloom, darkness, blindness, rashness' etc.

Latin <templum> originally signified 'bounded space', ritually cut out of its surroundings for augurial observations (as in the passage from Varro which I cited in my recent post on <arbiter>). It thus appears to be a simple passive noun *temp-lom 'that which is, or should be, cut out' vel sim.

I have no convincing etymology of <amplus>. If it is borrowed from P-Italic, perhaps it meant 'unfilled, unfillable', hence 'immense', by semantic devaluation simply 'large, wide'. The negative prefix is illustrated by Oscan <amprufid> 'improperly' = Lat. <improbe:>, <ancensto> f. sg. 'uncounted in the census' = Lat. <incensa>, Umbrian <anhostatu> acc. m. pl. 'unequipped with spears' i.e. 'civilians' = Lat. <inhasta:to: s>, <ans'ihitu> 'ungirded (with official regalia)' = Lat. <incincto:s> . Buck (OUG sec. 98) regards it as a generalization of the prevocalic negative *n.n- (Greek an-, Sanskrit an-).

Probably <ampla> 'handle of a shield or vessel' is unrelated. If this is from P-Italic, it could represent earlier *am(p)tla: from Italic *m.-tla: 'implement for grasping, handle'; the corresponding verb is Lat. <emere>, which occurs in Umbrian as <emantur> 3pl. pres. subj. pass. '(whether) they should be accepted'.

DGK




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