Re: Horse (*xanx/g-est-)

From: Torsten
Message: 65943
Date: 2010-03-10

And in English:

--- In cybalist@yahoogroups.com, "Torsten" <tgpedersen@...> wrote:
>

BTW, from Møller VISW
'1 k^-nk- "hang" (< Proto-IE k^-n-g-, intr. k^ánag-),
Got. OHG. ha:han OE ho:n trans. "hang",
intr. OHG hange:n MHG hangen ON hanga OE hongian "hang",
Sanskr. s^an,ka-te: "(suspensus est, >) wavers, doubts, is worried",
s^an,ká : "doubt, worry, fear",
s^an,kita- "worried for, apprehensive of",
Lat. cunctor "wavers, hesitates",
ON hæ:tta "jeopardize, risk, dare",
(with a:) "let be dependent of something";

: idg. k^-n-g- (< pre-IE-Semitic k^-n-G.-) in
OHG henchen MHG henken "execute";
this k^-ng-
= Semit. s^-n-k.- (k. < Proto-Semit. G.),
Arab. s^anak.a "ligavit, alligavit,
he bound (the camel with the s^ina:k.),
he curbed (the camel) by means of his zima:m (or nose-rein),
he bound (the head of the beast) to the head of a tree or to an
elevated peg so that his neck became extended,
he suspended (the waterskin) to a peg",
(post-classical s^anak.a > Modern Arab.
s^enek. "he hanged (him) by the neck till he died",
mis^na-k.atuN > Modern Arab. mes^nak.a "a gallows",
part. mas^nu:k.uN "put to death by being hanged"),
intr. s^anik.a "he became attached (to a thing)",
Syr. senek. 2indiguit", aph. "indigere fecit, induxit, coegit",
Arab. s^anak.uN "the heart's longing for a thing",
sina:k.uN "any cord by which a thing is suspended, the suspensory
cord of a waterskin".'
http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/cybalist/message/45244
http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/cybalist/message/45248
http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/cybalist/message/45262


If this comparison refers to something real, it means that the
*xanx- etc root means not "hang" as in "suspend in the air" but
primarily "tie (to something)" (note that hangings were first
done by bending a flexible tree down to the ground, tie the
culprit by the neck to the tree and then letting go of the tree).
That means that xanx-ist- etc might have been a paraveredus, a
spare horse, led by a rope (whatever the last element of the
composite is. Why 'spare horse'? Seems that was the only way to
think of a horse minus man in the saddle, in times of war.

http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/cybalist/message/49417



UEW:
'c^onc^e 'line (of the net)' FU
? Saami (Lind.-Öhrl.) tsuotse
'extremity of fishermen's dragnets or outmost part',
L suohttse:: suohttse: (stielas)
'the piece (stielas) of a dragnet placed at the end of both wings',
K (T. I. Itk., WbKKlp. 639) Kld. tsu:ot,t,s,,
Ko. Not. tsu&^ot,´t,s,E
'knot between the upper end of the dragnet and the outmost line (made up by two loops)'
(> Finn. suotsa 'loop connecting the line of the net with the other line or with the line of the dragnet') |

? Khanty (952)
V c^on.c^&G, DN c^unc^&, Ni. s^uns^& 'rope (V DN Ni.), line (DN)'.

Khanty &G is a derivation suffix.

On the Saami-Khanty semantic corresponce cf.
Finn. siula 'outer part of the net' ~
Saami L siulo- 'line made out of sinews';
Swed.-Dan. garn 'yarn' ~ 'net'.

Because of the geographically distant relationship the set is uncertain.

Toivonen (FUF 19:114) places
Finn. huntu 'women's head shawl'
here. Phonetically this is irreproachable, but it should be rejected for semantic reasons'.

And the -est- part would then have been the Venetic -est-
adjectivising suffix.


This is out on limb, but most of what I write is anyway, so what the heck:

Saddles have horns to fasten things to, cf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddle
http://saddlezone.com/html-top/saddle_history.htm
Since the idea is new to the Roman in the 1st cent BCE, I suspect Sarmatian provenance.

Any one who googles 'ponying' (seems to be the technical term) and 'saddle horn' will discover that extra horses are lead by looping the guide rope over the saddle horn, not tying it.
Leading as many as four horses, you'd need up to four horns, or?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol_military_tactics_and_organization
'Each Mongol soldier typically maintained between 3 or 4 horses.'
http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/mongols/conquests/khans_horses.pdf
'Genghis Khan understood the importance of horses and insisted that his troops be solicitous of their steeds. A cavalryman normally had three or four, so that each was, at one time or another, given a respite from bearing the weight of the rider during a lengthy journey.'
One wonders what else the four horns of the Sarmatian(?) saddle could be used for. So, cf. here the entry in UEW following the one I already quoted:

'c^uc^æ 'ber, rafter' U
? Saami (Toiv.: FUF 19:89) L sos:o
'the middle rafter in the rack on which the dragnet is suspended to dry' |

mord. (Ravila: JSFOu. 61:92)
E c^oc^ko, (IE) M s^oc^ka, z^oc^ka 'trunk, beam' ||

Samoyed
Selkup
Ta. c^uods^o, tooto 'bridge',
Ke. coodsa, coodso 'rafter',
Ke. coods 'bridge' id.,
(Donn.: MSFOu. 67:74) TaU totä, Ty. c^o:c^ 'rafter for drying fish'.

Mord. ko and ka are denom. nominal suffixes.

The s in auslaut in Saami s irregular. It is possible that *c became s under the assimilatory influence of the inlaut consonant. Also because of the infrequent occurrences it is uncertain whether the Saami word belongs here.

For phonetic reasons the
Finn. töntö (Gen. tönnön)
'rafter for supporting or blocking, support, locking bar'
(Wichmann: FUF 11:250; Setälä: FUFA 12:93, JSFOu. 30/5:78 with ?)
erroneously assigned here does not belong in this context.

Some researchers (Wichmann: ibd.; Setälä: ibd.; Beitr. 136 with ?) placed the Perm. and Samoyed words together with
Saami N cå3'3å -33- 'steady rock, ledge vel sim., where you can get a foothold on a pile of rocks or on a precipitous rockface or in a river'. That is not acceptable, for phonetic and semantic reasons.

Udmurt 3^a3^i and Komi 3^a3^ 'shelf, set of shelves'
(Wichmann: ibd; Setälä: ibd.; Beitr. 136; Toivonen: Vir. 1921:17, FUF 19:89 usw.)
do not belong here, for phonetic (Komi-Udmurt a < *ä) and semantic reasons.'

It's tempting to postulate some connection between
c^onc^e 'line (of the net)' and
c^uc^æ 'support (for hanging things on)'
which would be outside of Uralic (or UEW would have claimed it).


Torsten