Re: Etymology of the Italian surname 'Brighenti'

From: Jonathan Morris
Message: 60142
Date: 2008-09-19

When I said V. Latin, my point wasn't that it was a native Italic word, but that it was probably a borrowing from one of the Celtic languages - most likely spoken in N Italy - into Vulgar Latin,  hence you wouldn't expect it to match insular Celtic exactly.

Otherwise you have a word spreading very rapidly from Italian into French/Portuguese, etc. at the start of the 14th century with multiple meanings.

It looks much more likely that briga was there all along and that 'brigade' was a Mediaeval borrowing of a specific military term.

Meyer-Lübke seems to derive it from Germanic break and notes Gothic brikan, Lombard brehhan. It might be, but if it's a Lombard borrowing into Italian, how do you explain the 'g', you'd expect breccia - indeed, you get breccia/brecha in Port. So even if you opt for a Germanic explanation, the Middle Ages looks too late to me.


--- Em qui, 18/9/08, Francesco Brighenti <frabrig@...> escreveu:
De: Francesco Brighenti <frabrig@...>
Assunto: [tied] Re: Etymology of the Italian surname 'Brighenti'
Para: cybalist@yahoogroups.com
Data: Quinta-feira, 18 de Setembro de 2008, 19:04



--- In cybalist@... s.com, "tgpedersen" <tgpedersen@ ...> wrote:

> so perhaps *bhreg- (Lat. frango:, etc),
> with some Celtic-like *-re- > *-ri- ?

As I think I had mentioned at the start of this exchange, according to
the _Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology_ (1996 edn.),
which repeats a claim already made in O. Pianigiani's 1907
etymological dictionary, the Vulgar Latin term briga would derive, as
a foreign loan word, from Gothic brikan 'to break' (< PIE *bhreg- 'to
make a noise, to crack, to break'), which by ablaut originated
brajka 'strife, struggle' (a secondary meaning derived by the noisy
shouting which characterizes fighting). The last mentioned meaning in
Gothic matches one of the meanings of the Italian term briga, 'strife,
brawl, fight, quarrel'. Yet the earliest attested meaning of briga
(found in Dante Alighieri) seems to be 'strength, vigour', which is
best explained if this word is regarded not as a Gothism, but as an
ancient loan from Celtic (*bri:go- 'strength' > Old Irish brig 'power,
strength, force', Middle Welsh bri 'honor, dignity, authority') not
attested in Latin.

Regards,
Francesco



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