Re: Ilyrian and Albanian as satem (was Unkonwn)

--- In cybalist@yahoogroups.com, "Abdullah Konushevci"
<akonushevci@...> wrote:

> B. Personal names
>
> 1. Acra-banus, Acra-banis (H. Krahe, Pers. Lex., 3 Pannonia 298;
> Spr. Ill, 1, 51. A. Mayer. Spr. Ill., 1,35,2,9.), by all means
> Illyrian, first element of which is connected to lit. astrus,

bullg.

> ost `sharp' (c.f. akhorono to hariston kai kallistyn (Etym.

Magn.),

> as well as
> 2. Akrisios and
> 3. Balagros (H. Krahe, IF 56, 136) Macedonian mail name.
> 4. Candalio attested once, there is possibility to not be Illyrian
> (H. Krahe, Pres. Lex., 227), but if it was Illyrian, it belongs to
> Candavia about which we talk above.
> 5. Cleves and Cleus (A. Mayer, Spr. Ill., 1, 192), as well as
> Clevatus-a, also
> 6. Vescleves, explained by W. Tomaschek (B B 9,93) as wesu-klewes:
> Skt vasu-sravah `with good name', they have all element k'lew-, to
> which corresponds also in other satem languages as initial phoneme
> velar /k/, compare lit. klausyti `to hear'; Alb. quej, quaj `to
> name' (<klu-), also Messapian kloahizis.
> 7. Epi-cadus, very frequent Illyrian name (H. Krahe, Pers. Lex.,

47

> v.), was related by Pedersen with Greek kekadmenos, Skt.
> sasadana `triumphant, that is pointed out'.
> All names have here represent Proto-Indo-European /k'/ as

velar /k/

> in position before –r or –l, respectively after /u/.
>
> I. As examples of output with spirants of Proto-Indo-European
> palatals /g'(h)/ are to be considered:
>
> A. In geographic names
>
> 1. Adzizio (Tab. Peut.) station in Herzegovina and Zidian, Zizis
> Rav. 3.8, in addition to Assidium, A. Mayer (A. Mayer, Gol. 24,

187:

> Spr. Ill, 2.217; WP I 527) has posited it to Indo-European name of
> goat, e.g. Got. gaits `goat', Lat. haedhis `little goat'.
> 2. Birziminio, Burzumon, Berzumno (It. Ant., 339, 12; Rav. 4, 16;
> Tab. Peut.), today Podgorica was related by Fr. Ribezzo (La Lingua
> degli antichi Messapi, 23. A. I.) and by A. Mayer (A. Mayer, Gol.
> 24, 163 and Spr. Ill., 2, 24) with Skt br.hant "strong",
> brhati `height' < *berg'h-, from which is derived also the names

of

> one castle in Dardania.
> 3. Berzana (A. Mayer, ibid.) and
> 4. Barzanites (Gol. 24. 172), tribe name.
> 5. Bulsinius mons Tab. Peut. Rav. 4.16 (today Buzhanin, Buz-janin,
> Buz- B&lz). A. Mayer has related it properly with High Old German
> balko "sawed board", Rus. Belozno, Lit. balzhienas, pointed out

that

> mountains are often named deu to horizontally posited timbers (cf.
> German Balm). I will add here also Alb. <pallzinë> `cut tree
> horizontally for construction purposes', Dalmatian <blazina>.
> 6. daksa thalassa was related by A. Mayer with lit. daZai `liquid
> for coloring', daZalas (A. Fraenkel, op.cit. 84 and MP I,
> 786) `sauce', so from <*dh/og'/h. . Here without doubt also
> 7. Ardazanos, river name that flows in sea edge' (H. Krahe, ZONF

4,

> 272).
> 8. Deksaroi Doksaroi, tribe name `inhabitants of seashore'.
> 9. Dessaretae, Dassaretai, Dassaretoi, a tribe dwelling between
> Apsus and lake Lychnidis, connected also with daksa by Mayer

(Ibidem

> and Spr. Ill 2, 76).
> 10. Dizeros, river near Pola, close to Skt <dehi> `bank, bar',
> Thrac. diza, dizos `castle', explained by N. Jokl as castle's

brook,

> where by all chances belongs Andizetes `castle inhabitant', so

names

> that contain PIE root *dheg'h-.
> 11. Massaron, Massarum, today mountain Mosor, belongs by A. Mayer

to

> the root *meg'h-i `big'.
> 12. Mursa, Mursella, Moursa, localities in Pannonia in marshy

zones,

> compare New Greek Moursa `hole' (M. Vasmer, Acta et Comment Univ.
> Dorp. 1,3/1921.) was connected with Midle High German murc

`rotten',

> Alb. <mardhë> `big freeze', Russian moroz (A. Mayer, Nast. Vjest,
> 42, 68; Glo. 24, 176)
> 13. Zeta, river in Monte Negro, even very late documented (Zentae
> regionem, Lejtopis Popa Dukljanina), but nevertheless the name of
> town Senta (Plin 2.115) and the name of local deity in Liburnia
> Sentona (H. Krahe, Pers. Lex. 103), seem to testify for antiquity

of

> the name. A. Mayer related it with Skt <juhoti> `to sacrifice, to
> throw butter in fire', Got. giutan "to throw' and explained it as
> g'heun-ta (A. Mayer, Spr. Ill 2, 127).
> 14 Bacantius (Plin. 3, 148) river name and station ad Bassante

Tab.

> Peut..As today's name of the river Bosut Bosot seem to indicate

for

> a previous Basant-(unt-). For this reason A. Mayer (Nats. Vjest.,
> 42, 46) has supposed that Bacuntius is a wrong reading instead of
> Basuntius and connect it to Old High German <bah>, New High German
> <Bach>, considering an Indo-European <bhog-> `running water'.
> [Because we haven't here to deal with palatal /g'/, this was
> rejected by Cimochowski.]
> 15. Rizon (polis Hillirias kai potamos), river name that stir up
> many discussions. By N. Jokl was placed to Alb. <rrjedh> `to flow'
> and Lat. <rigare> `irrigate' given as an example for Illyrian /z/
> from /*g'/. By H. Barich it was related to Midle High German
> <risel> `rain'. By F. Ribezzo the names Rhizinium, Rizon is

related

> to Greek Rikhnia (cf. Strabo. VII 331).
> 16. Dardanoi, Dardanioi, Dardaneis very popullar tribe in Moesia
> Superior over the Axsios. His name was connected by G. Meyer and

P.

> Kretschmer with Alb. <dardhë> `pear' from *g'horda:, cf. Greek
> akherdos `id.' EW, 60 and Einleit. In d. Gexh. D. Gr. Spr., 245)..
>
> Konushevci

Last part about satem character of Illyrian:

I. As examples of output with spirants of Proto-Indo-European
palatals /g'(h)/ are to be considered:

B. Personal names

1. Mazaros (H. Krache, Pers. Lex., 72. A. Mayer, Spr. Ill., 223;
2,76) was connected with the root *meg'h- (megas), compare with
above Massaron mons.
2. Dardas or Derdas (A. Mayer, op. cit., 1, 34), the prince of
Emilia with Illyrian alternation e/a in position before /r/ is
connected with the tribe name Dardanoi.
3. Dasas, -antis, Dazas and Dazes, -entis, Dazos (A. Mayer, op.
cit., 2,3) Dastidius (compare L. Dastidio Amori CIIIX 708) are
connected with Alb. <desha> `I have loved' [many dialectal forms are
<deshta>]. This explanation was accepted by A. Mayer (op. cit., 1,
34). About it seems to speak documented inscription Amori, so Dasant
< *g'ousant-.
As may be seen from enumerated examples, sibilants formed from
PIE /*g'(h)/ are reflected in writing with /s/, /ss/, /z/, /ks/.
Vary rare its outcome is /d-/ in the beginning of the word.

I. As examples of output with velar /g/ of PIE palatal /g'(h)/ are
to be considered:

In Geographic names:

1. Acruium Akhrovion, place in Dalmatian seashore, but ethnicon
Agravonitae belongs more to Skt /ajrah/ `field' (A. Mayer, op.cit.,
2, 3), so from *garuw-io-, where enters also
2. Agirineon, city in Etolia, main city of non-Hellenic Agraioi (H.
Krahe, Pers. Lex., 4; Pannonia, 299)
3. Agrianes, peonian tribe.
4. Aiginion, city in Epirus, that is usually connected with
<aiks> `goat' të greqishtes. [I will add here also Alb. <edh> `kid
goat' directly from *aig'-.]
5. Angitis, river in Makedonia, that belongs probably to PIE *ang'h-
, compare oz&k& `narrow' of Old Bulgarian as well as Angourou oros
(so-called `iron gate' near Orsova (Idem).
6. Argya-s (idem), river name, close to Skt <arjunah> `white,
splendid'. Here belongs too:
7. Argyruntum, town in Liburnia and
8. Argyrina, tribe in Epirus.
9. Corragum, name of one fortified place in South Illyria, which
Krahe connects with Makedonian antroponym Korragos (see below about
it).
10. Genusus, river in Albania, today Shkumbin, which Krahe connects
with *g'enu- `knee', explained as curly river.
11. Tenoukla, Danub fortress in Dakia (H. Krahe, Pannonia 298, D.
Detschew, Die Thrakische Sprachreste, 101).
12. Berginio Rav. 4, 19 a station in the road from Asinio to the
Servituum, that belongs to the PIE root *berg'h- (cf. also above
Birziminium).
.
B. Personal names
1. Agron, Illyrian king, close to Skt <ajrah> `pasture'.
2. Agirrus and Acirrus, close to Skt <ajirah> `fast, speedy'
3. Karragos, personal Makedonian name, which Krahe have explained as
*kori-agos `supreme army commander' (cf. lit. karias, got.
harjis `army').
4. Magaplinus-a is very often in Latin inscriptions from Istria (op.
cit., 144, 238) and was analized by same scholar as Magapl-inu-, so
it corresponds to Greek Megasthenes with –apl- element in second
part, close to Old Nordic <afl>, <afli> `power, force' that is
present in Illyrian names, like: Aplo, Apla, Aplinus etc.
5. Magas, personal Makedonian name, considered by A. v. Blumenthal
(BB 25, 15) as Illyrian, also close to Skt <mahan> `big, strong' (so
*meg'h-, mog'h).
6. Genthios, last Illyrian king, was connected with doubt by
Zimmerman with *g'en- `to bear'. This etymology was accepted by all
as correct.

As anyone can see, palatals are treated in Illyrian in same way as
are they treated in Albanian: they are depalatalized after liquids
and nasals, giving plain velars.

Konushevci