>> No. The normal Old Hungarian substitute was /c^/ (<cs>), and
>> apparently
>> /t/ in some cases, but I can't give you any concrete examples right
>> now.
>
> I've got a few: csép 'flail', császár 'emperor', német 'German', cf.
> e.g. Slovak cep, cisár, Nemec.
>
> Piotr
I found this web-article (from a university course held in 1998)
http://bdeg.sopron.hu/bdeg/archiv/harang11/cikk8.htm
by Dr. András [Andrew] Zoltán, <<Szláv-magyar nyelvi kapcsolatok>>
["Slavic-Hungarian linguistic relationship"], a brief introduction into
the problems
of Slavic loanwords in Hungarian. In the part of the article dedicated
to the
Slavic vocabulary deemed as *substrate* vocabulary (from the Pannonian
Slavs
who were assimilated by the Hungarian-speaking population), the author
mentions this:
<<Ugyancsak a legrégibb rétegbe tartoznak azok, amelyekben a szláv
c hang helyén a magyarban cs-t vagy t-t találunk, vagyis a magyar c
megjelenése elõtt kerültek nyelvünkbe: cser, cserje, csép, császár,
cséve,
csõ, német; helynevek: Babót, Marót.>>
["To the oldest lexical stratum also belong those words, in which the
Slavic
c [tz] has been replaced in Hungarian either by cs [c^] or t [t] or
which
had entered our language [i.e. Hungarian], before the Hungarian c [tz]
came into being used: cser [c^ær], cserje [c^ærjæ], csép [c^e:p], cséve
[c^e:væ], csõ [c^ö:], német [ne:mæt]; [and] placenames: Babót [bObo:t],
Marót [mOro:t]."]
Zoltán goes on saying in the last sentence of the following paragraph
that:
<<másrészt néhány régi szláv jövevényszavunkban a szláv c-nek már a
magyarban is c felel meg: acél, kóc, Beszterce.>> ["There is another
group of some of our old Slavic loanwords whose c [tz] already had a c
[tz]
counterpart in Hungarian as well: acél, kóc, Beszterce [i.e.
Bystritza"].
#
Noteworthy the percentage of Slavic loanwords in Hungarian, in
comparison
with other groups. The author, starts his article with this, quoting
Ferenc
Papp, who, in order to get the percentages, made use of a dictionary by
Géza Bárczi. The counted words are root-words: Slavic 9.36%, Turkic
4.59%,
German 5.43%, and Uralic 10.1%.
#
A chronologic overview of the most important authors who dealt with
Slavic elements in Hungarian:
Verancsics (Vrancic, Verantius), Faustus (1540–1617; Croatian),
Dictionarivm qvinqve nobilissimarvm Evropae lingvarvm, Latinae,
Italicae, Germanicae, Dalmatiae et Vngaricae, Venezia, 1595
Miklosich, Franz (Fran Miklošic, 1813–1891; Slovenian), Die slavischen
Elemente im Magyarischen, Wien, 1871; Wien & Teschen, 1884)
Oszkár Asbóth (1852–1920) started the Hungarian slavistics studies
(esp. Hungarian church terminology of Slavic origin)
János Melich (1872–1963)
Zoltán Gombocz & al., Magyar etymológiai szótár (1919–1944) [Hungarian
etymological dictionary]
Zoltán Gombocz, A honfoglaláskori Magyarország (Bp. 1925–1929) [Hungary
in the era of the colonization]
Kniezsa, István (1898–1963), A magyar nyelv szláv jövevényszavak,
Akadémiai kiadó, Budapest, 1955 [The Slavic loanwords in Hungarian]
László Hadrovics, Lajos Kiss, Ferenc Gregor
* A magyar nyelv történeti-etimológiai szótára, 1967–1984 [The
historical-etymological dictionary of the Hung. language]
* Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Ungarischen, 1993–1995
Kiss, Lajos, Földrajzi nevek etimológiai szótára, 1978 [The
etymological dictionary of geographical names]
Bárczi, Géza, A magyar szókincs eredete, Tinta könyvkiadó, 1116
Budapest, Kondorosi út 17 (www.tintakiado.hu) [The origin of the Hung.
vocabulary]
H. Tóth Imre, A magyarok és a szlávok a 9-11. században [The Hungarians
and the Slavs in the 9th-11th centuries]
George
PS: Unfortunately, I haven't found any info on <szarka> in the web so
far. Regarding the behavior of this category of syllables, Andras
Zoltan only gives these examples: (malina > málna, palica > pálca,
slama > szalama > szalma, srìda > szereda > szerda, sluga > szuluga >
szolga). But, on the other hand, methinks it's worth mentioning this:
"styd(iti) > szid, stydìnije > szégyen", in the context of the <y> in
Slavic, rendered as [i, i:, é] -- as we recently dealt with the Hung.
verb <szid-ni> "to swear, curse". (<szégy> means "shame", <szégyen>
"shameful; ashaming")