--- In
cybalist@yahoogroups.com, "tgpedersen" <tgpedersen@...>
wrote:> > Would you mind defining the term 'parole' that you use so
often? I > don't think anyone else on the list uses that term.
Dear Torsten,
In French linguistics, langue is distinguished from parole. Roughly,
the terms may be defined: langue 'language'; parole 'speaking'.
When I use parole in my references to mleccha, the emphasis is on
the spoken word [say, as in Pali or Prakrit which in fact were the
spoken bha_s.a_ as distinct from literary Samskr.tam (or, daivi_
bha_s.a_); it is not surprising that the early epigraphs use only
the parole (speaking) and NOT samskr.tam]. It is likely that the
parole is found in the lexical repertoir developed by artisan
guilds, later glossed by lexicographers. It appears that in the
evolution of parole in Bha_rat (that is, India), many synonyms got
into vogue in some languages such as Indo-Aryan resulting in the
glosses being retained only in languages such as Mundarica or
Santali or Telugu or Hemacandra Des'i_na_mama_la (Old Gujarati) or
La_hn.d.a (dialect of Punjabi). This parole which appears to have
been in vogue circa 5000 years BP is mleccha (meluhha) in Sarasvati
Civilization (earlier called Harappan Civilization). This date is
consistent with the date of Mahabharata events (as determined using
planetaria software to validate the 150+ observed astronomical
events recorded in the epic, observed by Veda Vya_sa and related as
sky epigraphs to date the terrestrial events).
The classic distinction between parole and langue explains why there
is a phenomenon called sanskritism or hyper-sankritization noted in
CDIAL (Comparative Dictionary of Indo-Aryan Languages) by R. Turner.
For example, the parole 'bat.a, bhat.a'(furnace) is cognate
with 'bhra_s.t.ra' in Samskr.tam. Hence, my use of the other
phrase 'dialectical continuum'. The lizard seen on Gundestrup
cauldron and on Sarasvati hieroglyphs is kuduru d.okke; rebus:
kuduru 'portable gold furnace' (Telugu).
Here is an excerpt from an URL which may throw further light on
parole. [quote] In "L'actualité du saussurisme," the social and
relational character of language (langue), as distinct from speaking
(parole), founds the efficacy of linguistics and the scientificity
of its extension through Saussurism to different fields (p. 193-197)
There is no need to seek aporia where there is none: one can
consider langue an ensemble of habits and existing structures,
parole the constant variation and transformations within habitual
patterns, and impinging on the latter qua structures to various
degrees. Yet if those differences and changes represent a founding
structural instance, as claimed at the end of "L'actualité du
saussurisme," a theory needs to take them into account in posing its
foundations. []unquote]
http://www.revue-texto.net/Inedits/Broden_Evolution.html
The evolution of French linguistics afterthe war: AJ Greima's
conversion to 'SAUSSURISM' by Thomas F. Broden Purdue University,
USA.