gknysh wrote:
>What would be a short (or not so short) list of
>INDUBITABLY ancient ecclesiastical terms in Romanian
>
>"Biserica" certainly qualifies.
>"Domnezeu" also qualifies.
D*u*mnezeu. But Domn + with def. art. Domnul = the Lord.
duminecã, duminicã (i.e. "the Lord's day") "Sunday"
pãrinte - in the eccl. sense of father (otherwise as in parent/s)
Floriile & Rusaliile (Latin pagan names taken for Chr. holidays)
pãresimi < quadragessima
câSlegi <caseum ligat, a period betw. 2 fastings
Lãsatul (Lãsata) Secului (fasting after the carneval)
a cumineca, cuminecare < L. communicare (see below)
botez < L. baptisare & Boboteazã (January 6th)
pãgân "pagan"
credinTã + Crez (regionally Credeu) "Creed"
colindã, corindã "X-mas carol"
bisericã "church"
creStin "Christian"
cruce "cross"; a-Si face cruce
altar
a (se) ruga "to pray"
rugãciune "prayer"
înger "angel"
înviere
înãlTare
împãrtãSanie, synonym of cuminecãturã (see above); rare: grijanie
"communion, eucharist"
[in general, împãrtãSi/re or împãrTi/re mean
"to share;" împãrTi also means "to dole out, distribute, dispense," the
basic word being parte "part;" împãrTi would very well suit for
to partitionate in computerese, but Romanian nerds and geeks have
prefered to say/write a partitiona]
--> _pâne_ (official since 1954: pâine, under the influence of Alex's
subdialect :) & _vin_ "bread & wine"
suflet "soul"
m. sânt, f. sântã "saint"
sãrbãtoare < dies servatoria (a pagan holiday's name); the Romanian
word for "feast, holiday"
ajun <adjunare
cer "heaven"
a (se) cununa, cununare "to wed"; cununie < coronare < corona
(Rum. has a doublette: cununã and coroanã, that aren't 100% synonyms)
a (se) închina < inclinare
a îngenunchia < ingenuculare
a jura < juro, -are; > jurãmânt, juruinTã
minune "miracle"
nun, nãnaS < nunus
nunta < nuptia
pãcat < peccalum; pãcãtos "sinner"
tâmplã < templum (in Rum. semantically narrowed to Os temporale
of the skull)
a toca < toccare
(this is an ad-hoc list)
Possibly as old as other basic terms: apostol, episcop,
preot, preut (fem. preoteasã, preuteasã), diacon,
evanghelie, liturghie, cãlugãr (fem. cãlugãriTã), icoanã...
mânãstire/mãnãstire
Some notions are rendered with other Romance terms/synonyms
(I don't know which of them might be seen as loan translations):
symbolus: credeu, crez
fides: credintTa
Pater: Tatã(l) (& pãrinte, if a priest)
Trinitas: Treime
substantia: fiinTã (verbatim "being" as substantive)
creator mundi: facatorul lumii
oratio: rugãciune
assumptio: înãlTare
redemptio: rãscumpãrare
resurrectio: înviere
regnum Dei: împãrãTia lui Dumnezeu
remisio: iertare
crucificatio: rãstignire
Virgo: Fecioarã
>Would the word for Christmas be acceptable ("Craciun")
>or is this something of later origin?
Indeed: is Cr&ciun (Krachun) a "substrate" word? Latin?
Slavic?
---
As for the proto-Romanians' existence in an assumed completely
non-Christian environment up to the advent of the Slavs, we
should take into consid. how it was like in those SE-European
areas.
Apud Origenes (+254) cited by Eusebius of Caesarea (+340)
in Scythia Minor preached St Andrew (Church History III, 1);
[I haven't verified these myself]; there are a toponym &
a hydronym: grotto & brook bearing the name "Sf. Andrei",
then the popular name month name "Undrea." Bishops in
Scythia Minor played a major role in the region (e.g. in Tomis,
Evangelicus 290-300, mentioned in a document referring to the
martyrdom of Epictetes and Astion in Halmiris, today DunavãT;
then a martyr bishop in Tomis, Titus or Philius, killed in 320 under
Licinius. St. Betranion, 364-380, who in 369 opposed emp. Valens;
Terentius, 380-390, who participated in the 2nd ecumenic synode at
Constantinople in 381; et al.)
Tertullian (+220), in Adversus Iudaeos, 7, Christendom also
in areas of Sarmatians, Dacians, Germanic, and Scythians.
Many martyrs there, during the reigns of emp. Diocletian, Galerius
and Licinius - inter alia Zotikos, Attalos, Kamassis and Philippos
(killed in June 4, 303). Their bones, discovered in 1971, are
kept at the CocoS monastery in Tulcea county, Dobrudja
(former Scythia Minor).
St. John Cassianus (340-436), the founder of monasteries
in Marseille and Dionyssius Exiguus (460-545), the founder
in 525 of the "A.D." years counting, were born and grew up
in the same Scythia Minor. They are important theologically
for both Churches, Orthodox and Catholic. Another important
personality for the region (South of the Danube) was
St. Niketas of Remesiana (367-414); he took care of the mission
in the South Danubian provinces of Dacia ripensis and Dacia
mediterranea (today, roughly Serbia). Some Catholic historians
even think Niketas to have been the primeval "apostle" to the
proto-Rumanians.
These and al. (as well as a number of archeol. traces/objects)
show that, at least in the... newbie centuries, there were
opportunities for the local population, both N and S of the
Danube, but esp. S of it & in Scythia Minor (where for the
4th-5th c. 70 inscriptions were discovered, in Lat. and Gr.,
along with old Christian symbols, incl. the cross.
[Besides: If Slavs spent about 4-5 centuries until a
thorough Christianization, although in there vicinity there
was the Byzantine state that could've taken care of this,
then what should've done proto-Romanians? They barely
preserved vague traditions -- reflected in basic as well as
... adapted vocabulary; and later on, with the reorganization
of the church jurisdiction over the areas, they got new
terms via the new hierarchic paths (Greek & Slavic). For, if
proto-Romanians weren't Christians, then what kind of religion
did they have? Nobody knows, and the internal folklore preserves
almost nothing; in contrast, there's more knowledge of the
Slavic and Hungarian neighbors' pre-mass baptizations.]
George
PS: anTãrT = two years ago < anno tertio