new Slavobulgarian inscription
From: Vassil Karloukovski
Message: 15376
Date: 2002-09-11
Hello,
I would like to draw your attention to one recently published early
cyrillic inscription from NE Bulgaria. It comes from a 2 m. large
limestone cross, originally from N. Dobrudzha, decorated with
drawings, stars and two or more texts (all in relief).
Paleographically it is dated by the researcher, Milena Dobreva, to
the X-XI c. AD. The central circular inscription reads:
A. blagosloven' esi _XPE_ bozhe nash' izhi pre IYI hndre
The longer inscription in the lower part of the cross consists of
five lines and reads:
B. ina stakru cher' dekatu
sfatu nume sfetei troece
sheaf bule nikola cara dochata
dojndu od onogre rade vojo
v kuatar l.. ...ece
Here is the proposed reading by the people who first published it (P.
Dobrev, M. Dobreva, Drevnob&lgarska epigrafika, Sofia, 2001):
A. BLAGOSLOVEN' ESI _XPE_ (=HRISTE) BOZHE
blessed are [you] Jesus God
NASH' IZHI PRE IYI HNDRE
our who in front of IYI (shines)
/before
B.
INA STAKRU CHER' DEKATU
(this) cross? temple dedicated?
Gr. stavros? Lat. dicatum?
SFATU NUME SFETEI TROECE
to the holy (name) of the holy Trinity
SHEAF BULE NIKOLA CARA DOCHATA
(the first) noble Nikola of the Tsar (all-powerful)
DOJNDU OD ONOGRE RADE VOJO
[who] came from the Onogrians because of the war
V KUATAR L[eto] ..... [mese]ECE
in (the cock) year ..... month
-------------------
The text is largely understood from Slavic. Characterstic is the form
IZHI 'who' as opposed to the attested so far old Slavic IZHE, EZHE,
JENZHE or JONZHE. For this word as well as those in brackets P.
Dobrev suggests Iranian influence/etymologies. Interesting also is
the post-definitive article in VOJO 'the war'. The symbol 'IYI' from
text A is frequently found in pre-Christian Bulgar inscriptions and
probably denoted their pagan god. The stone cross was probably put in
front of a church built relatively soon after the conversion to
Christianity - the dating is still done in the corresponding cyclic
year, as it is the case in the pre-Christian Bulgar inscriptions.
There are also several shorter standard abbreviations on the cross:
INCI (abbreviation for 'Jesus of Nazareth, Tsar of Judea), _IS _HS_
NIKA ('Jesus Christ victorious'), etc.
I would be glad if somebody could comment on these interpretations
and on the texts themselves.
Regards,
Vassil K.