Re: [tied] Re: Language - Area - Routes

From: Piotr Gasiorowski
Message: 5872
Date: 2001-01-31

It does, though it doesn't prove much about the origin of tribal names. There can be no doubt that all the early Germani were "boat people". The area encompassing southern Norway and Sweden (roughly, south of the 61st parallel), the islands in the southern Baltic and the Danish archipelago, Jutland and Schleswig-Holstein, Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg and west Pomerania had a relatively uniform culture as long ago as 4300-4000 BC (the emergence of the Northern group of the Funnel Beaker culture, the oldest phase of the Scandinavian Neolithic). The Skagerrak/Kattegat and the SW Baltic have always been the inner ("mediterranean") sea of the region, unifying rather than separating its parts.
 
For this reason I think it's illogical to regard the Danish Straits as the natural barrier between the early Scandinavian and West Germanic dialects -- a view expressed or tacitly assumed in many handbooks. I doubt if a clear division line existed at all before the late fifth century; more likely, there was a dialectal continuum extending from northern Germany to coastal Scandinavia, with "North Sea" and "West Sea" influences interpenetrating.
 
On the one hand, several linguistic groups classified as West Germanic (including the Angles and the Jutes) originated in the peninsula; on the other hand, the earliest Runic inscriptions from Denmark to Norway show basically undifferentiated Proto-NW-Germanic traits. In early historical times there were numerous migrations from the Scandinavian Peninsula to mainland Europe via the straits and Jutland or across the Baltic. Some scholars believe that the Danes began to expand from the Oslofjorden area towards Scania and Blekinge about the 3rd century. Whether that was the case, or whether they were native to Scania, it's certain that by the 5th-6th c. they also occupied the islands, Jutland and Schleswig, superseding the Jutes and the Angles. There was again linguistic uniformity from southern Norway to the River Eider, but now the expansion of the Danes had disrupted the NW Germanic continuum, and a clear linguistic boundary appeared at the root of Jutland, later reinforced by the Danevirke ramparts.
 
If you say that early Denmark (including the part that now belongs to Sweden) was "glued together" by the sea, I certainly agree. If you say the same applies to the Proto-Germanic (or even pre-Germanic) cultures of the region, I also agree. The local conditions enforced reliance on boats as the main means of transport. I don't see any Austronesian connections here -- that's all.
 
Piotr
 
 
----- Original Message -----
From: tgpedersen@...
To: cybalist@yahoogroups.com
Sent: Monday, January 29, 2001 2:35 PM
Subject: [tied] Re: Language - Area - Routes

... since you are aware of the importance of transport by sea in Denmark's recent history, how come this geographically determined water-destiny doesn't apply earlier?