From: Adriana Kamenetsky
Message: 2990
Date: 2000-08-06
----- Original Message -----
From: "John Croft" <jdcroft@...>
To: <cybalist@egroups.com>
Sent: Saturday, August 05, 2000 8:49 PM
Subject: [tied] Re: origins
> Adriana wrote
> > Mount Toba blew 800 cubic kilomenetrs of ash 71,000 years ago.
> Most of India was buried under it. But the worst was yet to come when
> it ensued the global volcanic winter for 6 years, which probably
> killed 75% of plants in the Northern Hemisphere. The constant
> reflection of the heat from the snow back into the space pushed the
> Earth into a thousand-year ice age.
>
> I have seen more accurate dating that ives the date 73,200 years ago.
> A minor quibble but it is important because it would seem that prior
> to that date modern Humans (Homo sapiens sapiens) were actually
> confined to Africa.
>
> Thus
> > I believe that humans survived in isolated pockets through out
> the continents. The Urals are a good possibility - a very old
> mountain
> with good fertilizing sediment exposed, with a lot of protection, and
> wildlife. And the same can be persued through other continents.
>
> Homo sapiens had not got as far as the Urals at that date, Adriana.
> There is even some doubt that Neanderthals made it quite as far as
> that.
>
>
>
> > From time to time, Earth does her cataclismic tricks. 540
> millions ago, the buildup of continents at South pole flipped her to
> the current 23 degree tilt.
> > What if Earth is much much older? Big mistakes were often made
> at estimating cosmos. What if we lived much longer than is known?
> Many
> times humanity was wiped out by disasters almost to the last one of
> us.(Even the Book tells us so). But we kept on multiplying,
> developing particular traits, and then we meet at the crossroads, and
> argue who was there first.
>
> In reply to your points here, firstly 540 million years ago there
> were
> no humans. This was the beginning of the Cambrian Era, and the
> beginning of complex life (Phanerozoic) on the planet. The Previous
> periods
>
> Hadean - 4.5 billion to 4 billion years
> Archaeozoic - 4 billion to 2.2 billion years
> Protozoic - 2.2 billion to .53 billion years
>
> show the world is much older than 540 million years.
>
> Just one final thing. It appears that Modern Humans had tried to
> leave Africa before via Palestine. Caves there at Jebel Qafseh show
> Homo sapiens at 90,000 replaced by younger Neanderthals. This has
> been a hard fact for archaeologists, convinced of Homo sapiens
> superiority, to accept. Here Neanderthals seem to have been superior
> to H.s. The Lake Toba explosion seems to have been the stimulating
> factor for the increase in Ice Coverage at that time (Just as the
> explosion of Lake Taupo in New Zealnad produced the "Little Ice Age"
> of the thirteenth century and the Mongol Invasions of the
> neighbouring
> states). The 70,000 Ice Age caused modern humans to retreat back
> into
> Africa (Neanderthal Mousterian Technology is found in Egypt and Libya
> at this time).
>
> The Ice Age caused sea levels to fall, however, opening up a second
> route "out of Africa", across a land bridge across the Red Sea from
> the Afar Triangle into Yemen, that was not blocked by Neanderthals.
> Modern Humans managed to cross that land bridge and travel eastwards,
> following the earlier footprints of the Homo errectus who had
> travelled the same route nearly two million years earlier.
> Anatomically modern Humans had arrived in Southern China and crossed
> the oceans into Australia by 63,000 BCE.
>
> Modern humans only arrived in Europe in the period 40,000-35,000
> years
> ago, with the appearance of specialised "blade" tools and the
> adaption
> from hunter gathering into "specialsed big game" Aurignacian cultures
> (possibly Dene-Caucasian speaking). This gave Homo sapiens a slight
> advantage so that H.s replaced Neanderthals by 28,000 BCE (having
> lived side by side for about 12,000 years, more than twice as long as
> humans have been living in cities).
>
> A third and fourth "out of Africa" wave occurred after the Ice Age,
> when climates warmed, carrying microlithic "broad spectrum" Nostratic
> cultures out of Africa (about 15,000 BCE) and then carrying
> Afro-Asiatic Semitic culture peoples into Palestine (about 6,000 BCE).
>
> Hope this helps
>
> John
>
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