More on the Ka- substratum and Elamites

From: John Croft
Message: 1627
Date: 2000-02-22

Ka-shustar, the great city of Susa to the Greeks was only the most
important site of this great non-Sumerian civilisation. Susa at times
ruled a huge area, and its cultural (and possibly linguistic) influence
spread even further. Ka-Shustar propper was a fairly narrow region of
Khuzistan, A trade route ran south east through Khidalu (modern
Behabeha) through Sheri-khum to Liyan (modern Bushire) on the coast.
This then led to Dilmun, and it seems to have been the route referred
to in the Epic of Gilganesh. Another core area of the Elamites, linked
by trade routes to the East, was the city of Khukhnor, linked to the
outer peripheral zone of Anshan. Here the Persian Archaemenids
established themselves, moving north from Persis (their original
capital), bringing an end to the Elamite civilisation.

North west of Ka-shustar was the city of Awan (often also a royal
capital). Two trade routes ran from Awan. The first to the north west
through the district of Wara-Khashe, which was often disputed by the
Sumerians and Akkadians coming south from the city of Der. The second
route, to the north east connected Susa to the core area of Shimaski.
Roads ran from there to the peripheral areas of Za-Kara and Zabshali
(modern Khuramabad) to the north.

Elam was frequently conquered by people from Mesopotamia, during the
Akkadian, UrIII, Babylonian and Assyrian periods. It was also often
the agressor. Elamite dynasties ruled Southern Mesopotamia during the
Isin and Larsa period, following the collapse of the Third Dynasty at
Ur, and at other times too.

The Ka- element seems very common. Is this accidental or does it
reflect something of the structure of the Elamite language.

I can only follow Glen's plea "Is there an Elamitist in the house?"

John