Messages 7100-9652 and 14000-18238 are indexed here. See Unindexed Messages for exceptions.
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|
English Gloss |
PIE Root |
Other Form |
References |
|---|---|---|---|
|
sabbath |
|
Sabbath (Hebrew) |
|
|
Sabbatos |
|
sabbatos |
|
|
sailor |
|
matelot (French, English) |
|
|
salt |
sh2al- |
sal- (Dacian) sare (Romanian) |
|
|
salt |
sh2al- |
|
|
|
salt |
sh2ld- |
|
|
|
salt |
sh2ld- |
sald-u- (Balto-Slavonic, = sweet) |
|
|
salt |
sh2ld- |
sylte (Danish, = pickle) |
|
|
salt |
sh2ld- |
syltetøj (Danish, = jam, preserves) |
|
|
S'ambara |
|
(Sanskrit) |
|
|
San Sebastian |
|
(Basque, = Donostia) |
|
|
Sancho |
|
(Spanish) |
|
|
Sappho |
|
Sappho: (Greek) |
|
|
Saturday |
|
lauantai (Finnish) |
|
|
Saturday |
|
sa:mba:ta (Rumanian &c) |
|
|
Saturday |
|
Saturday (English) |
|
|
savory |
|
thymbra (Greek, = savory) |
|
|
savory |
|
cimbru (Romanian, = savory) |
|
|
sceptre |
|
sceptrum (Latin) |
|
|
scissors |
|
bhurij- (Sanskrit) |
|
|
scratch |
|
sgâria |
|
|
scratch |
|
skiare: (Dacain, = scratch) |
|
|
scratch |
gHerbH-, gHrebH- |
|
|
|
scream |
g^Hel |
g^Holdu- (PIE, fam animal) |
|
|
scribe, scholar |
|
bo:ka:reis (Gothic) |
|
|
sea |
|
mare (Dacian) |
|
|
sea |
|
thalassa (Greek) |
|
|
sea |
|
(English) |
|
|
sea shore |
|
tzãrm (Romanian) |
|
|
search |
|
cotrobãi (Romanian) |
|
|
seed |
|
muka (Thracian, = seed, clan, posterity) |
|
|
seek, request |
is- |
icchati (Sanskrit) |
|
|
seek, request |
is- |
iskati (Slavonic) |
|
|
seek, request |
is- |
i:d.- (Sanskrit, = ask, request; praise) |
|
|
seize |
g^Hes |
geistlo (Celtic, = hostage) |
|
|
seize |
g^Hes |
g^Hesr (PIE, = hand) |
|
|
self |
|
man (Lithanian, = self) |
|
|
seven |
|
*pitu (Proto-Austronesian) |
|
|
seven |
|
*work'(a)- (NEC) |
|
|
seven |
|
bLe (NWC) |
|
|
seven |
|
sebe- (Akkadian) |
|
|
seven |
|
Seba? (Semitic) |
|
|
seven |
|
semph (Etruscan) |
|
|
seven |
|
shvidi (Kartvelian) |
|
|
seven |
|
soy (Dogon) |
|
|
seven |
|
worL (Proto-Nakh) |
|
|
seven |
|
zazpi (Basque) |
|
|
seven |
septm. |
|
14394 , 14395 , 14398 , 14401 , 15665 , 15846 , 15847 , 17246, 17980 |
|
seven |
septm. |
sebun (Germanic) |
|
|
seven |
septm. |
saith (Welsh) |
|
|
seven |
septm. |
$apte, $epte (Romanian, = seven) |
|
|
seventh |
septh3mós, septm.mós |
|
|
|
sew |
(s)ne: |
|
|
|
share, part, lot |
dai- |
daimon (Greek, = daemon) |
|
|
sheep |
|
schaap (Dutch) |
|
|
sheep |
h3owi- |
|
|
|
sheep |
|
uuc^i (Proto-Finnic-Permian) |
|
|
sheep, cattle |
pek^u(r) |
k^wo:n (PIE, = 'dog') |
See own entry. |
|
sheep, cattle |
pek^u(r) |
|
|
|
sheep, cattle |
pek^u(r) |
fšu- (Avestan) |
|
|
sheep, cattle |
pek^u(r) |
paϜ- (Sanskrit) |
|
|
sheep, cattle |
pek^u(r) |
asr, asu (Armenian) |
|
|
sheepdog |
pek^u-o-s |
pIsu- (Slavonic, = dog) |
|
|
shell |
konkho- |
konkho- (PIE, = shell) |
|
|
shepherd |
|
çoban (Turkish) |
|
|
shepherd |
|
poime:n (Greek) |
|
|
shepherd |
pah2sto:r |
pastyrjI (Slavonic) |
|
|
shine prettily |
k^eubH- |
|
|
|
shine, burn |
welk |
|
|
|
shine, illumine |
leuk- |
|
|
|
shine, illumine |
leuk- |
leuksnah2 (OIE, = moon) |
|
|
shine |
|
bha: (Sanskrit, = be bright) |
|
|
ship |
nah2u- |
|
|
|
ship for long distance navigation |
|
peDaHu / paDaHu (Malayo-Polynesian) |
|
|
shirt |
|
sarki- (Germanic) |
|
|
short |
mreg^Hw-i- |
brevis (Latin, = short) |
|
|
shoulder, arn |
dousr |
|
|
|
show |
|
ródyti (Lithuanian) |
|
|
shrivel |
|
*wisan (Germanic) |
|
|
sibling-in-law |
|
hipaR (Proto-Austronesian) |
|
|
sickle |
|
sIrpU (Proto-Slavonic) |
|
|
silk |
|
silk (TBC) (English) |
|
|
silver |
|
zilar (Basque) |
|
|
silver |
silbro- |
silver (English, &c) |
|
|
sinew |
sne:wrt |
|
|
|
sing |
kan- |
discantare (Late Latin, = sing apart) |
|
|
sing |
kan- |
can- (Celtic, Latin) |
|
|
sing |
kan- |
han-o:n- (cock) |
|
|
sister |
swesor- |
|
14136 , 16501 , 17007 , 17009 , 17141, 17472, 17643, 17734, 17786 |
|
sister |
swesor- |
deirfiur (Old Irish, = sister) |
|
|
sister |
swesor- |
piuthar (Gaelic, = sister) |
|
|
sister |
swesor- |
whor (Cornish, = sister) |
|
|
sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
whore (English) |
|
|
sit |
h1e:s |
|
|
|
sit |
sed- |
|
|
|
sit |
sed- |
se^d (Slavonic) |
|
|
sit |
sed- |
ser (Spanish, = be) |
|
|
six |
|
(Old Prussian) |
|
|
six |
|
*diriku (NEC) |
|
|
six |
|
d-ruk (proto-Tibetan) |
|
|
six |
|
ekvsi (Kartvelian) |
|
|
six |
|
eneme (Proto-Austronesian) |
|
|
six |
|
henne (Malagasy) |
|
|
six |
|
jalX (Proto-Nakh) |
|
|
six |
|
s^es^s^- (Akkadian) |
|
|
six |
|
E.g. s^es^ (Semitic) |
|
|
six |
|
s'a (Basque) |
|
|
six |
|
sei (Etruscan) |
|
|
six |
|
x^e (NWC) |
|
|
six |
seks, sweks |
s^es^I` (Lithuanian) |
|
|
six |
seks, sweks |
|
|
|
six |
seks, sweks |
$ase (Romanian) |
|
|
sleep |
der-m- |
dormio (Latin) |
|
|
sleep |
swep- |
|
|
|
slipper |
socco- (Latin) |
zoccolo (Italian, = clogg) |
|
|
slow |
|
bradus (Greek) |
|
|
slurp, rasp |
lab |
|
|
|
small |
|
small (English) |
|
|
small |
|
mikros (Greek, - small) |
|
|
smell |
h2ed |
|
|
|
smith |
|
kurd/kyrd (Ossetic) |
|
|
snake |
(?)h1eg^H- |
|
|
|
snake |
h2(o)ngWHi- |
|
|
|
snake |
neh1tr- |
|
|
|
snake |
snah2u- |
snake (English) |
|
|
snake |
|
küji (Proto-Finno-Ugrian) |
|
|
snow |
|
(de:)bore: (Albanian) |
|
|
snow |
|
zäpadä (Romanian) |
|
|
soak |
|
a mura (Romanian) |
|
|
soft |
m(o)lh2- |
mr.dukr.s.n.a:yasa (Sanskrit, = lead) |
|
|
soft |
m(o)lh2-u- |
molibos, molubdos (Greek, = lead) |
|
|
son |
suhnu- |
|
|
|
son |
sunu- |
|
|
|
soul |
|
saiwalo: (Germanic) |
|
|
soup |
|
zuppa (Italian) |
|
|
speak |
aw- |
|
|
|
speak |
awed- |
|
|
|
speak |
ml(e)uH |
|
|
|
speak |
mlu: |
bru: (Sanskrit) |
|
|
speak indistinctly |
|
paphlázo: (Greek, = speak indistinctly) |
|
|
spear |
gHaiso- |
gaisati (spear-men, Celtic/Latin) |
|
|
spear |
gHaiso- |
gaiz- (Germanic) |
|
|
speckled |
perk^-, prek^- |
pork^os (PIE, = piglet) |
|
|
spelt |
h2ades- |
ador (Latin) |
|
|
spike, thorn |
dHrgH-s- |
turris (Latin, Etruscan?, = tower) |
|
|
spin, twine |
sen- (TBC) |
sinew (English) |
|
|
spotted |
peik^- |
pIsu- (Slavonic, = dog) |
|
|
spring |
wesr.(t) |
|
|
|
squeeze, tighten |
h2eng^H-u- |
|
|
|
squirrel |
|
ora (Proto-Finnic-Permian) |
|
|
stab, wound |
h1neg^H- |
|
|
|
stag |
|
(English) |
|
|
stallion |
|
hengist (Old English) |
|
|
stallion |
|
os^V (Proto-Finnic-Permian) |
|
|
stammer (v.) |
|
bâlbâi (Romanian) |
|
|
stammerer |
|
balbala: (Sanskrit) |
|
|
stammerer |
|
balbus (Latin) |
|
|
stand |
steh2 |
-stan (Persian) |
See topnyms |
|
stand |
steh2 |
|
|
|
stand |
sth2- |
estar (Spanish, = be) |
|
|
star |
|
tunglam (Germanic) |
|
|
star |
h1eus |
|
|
|
star |
h2ste:r- |
|
|
|
star |
h2ste:r- |
star (English) |
|
|
star |
h2ste:r |
sterenn (Breton) |
|
|
start |
|
start (English) |
|
|
steam ship |
|
parokhod (Russian, = steam ship) |
|
|
stebh2 |
|
stéphanos (Greek, = wreath) |
|
|
stink, poison |
weis- |
wisulo:n (Germanic, = weasel) |
|
|
stink, poison |
weis- |
wizantaz (Germanic, = bison) |
|
|
|
|
wissambers (Old Prussian, = bison) |
|
|
stink, poison |
weis- |
bison (Latin, greek, = bison) |
|
|
stink, poison |
weis- |
virus (Latin, = poison) |
|
|
stockade |
dHwer- |
dero, dur (Dacian) |
|
|
stone |
|
petra (Dacian) |
|
|
stone |
|
piatrã (Romanian, =stone |
|
|
stone |
h2ek^men- |
|
|
|
stone |
h2ek^men- |
ákmo:n (Greek) |
|
|
stone |
h2ek^men- |
akmuo~ (Lithuanian) |
|
|
stone |
h2ek^men- (?) |
kamy (Slavonic) |
|
|
stone |
ond- |
|
|
|
stork |
|
barza (Rumanian) |
|
|
|
|
drept (Romanian) |
|
|
stranger |
|
barbaru (Semitic-Babylonian) |
|
|
stream |
|
pârâu (Romanian) përrua (Albanian) |
|
|
stream, channel |
gHud-o-s |
gote (English, = stream, channel) |
|
|
stretch |
ten(d)- |
|
|
|
strike |
peig |
fuck (English) |
|
|
strike |
pla:g, plag, pla:k, plak |
plé:ssein (Greek) |
|
|
strike, fight |
bHei- |
Boii (Celtic ethnonym) |
|
|
strike, hew |
kau- |
|
|
|
strike, hew |
kaud- |
|
|
|
string. solid |
dru- |
sUdorvU (Slavonic, = healthy) |
|
|
strong |
mel- |
melior (Latin, = better) |
|
|
strong |
mel- |
multus (Latin, = many) |
|
|
strong, solid |
dru- |
druida (Celtic, = druid) |
|
|
strong, solid |
dru- |
druva- (Iranian) |
|
|
Suartuas |
|
Suartuas (Greek, for Germanic) |
|
|
suck |
seug- |
|
|
|
suck |
seuk |
|
|
|
suck(le) |
dHeih1 |
|
|
|
suck(le) |
dHeih1 |
deti (Russian) |
|
|
suck(le) |
dHeih1 |
fata (Romanian, = girl) |
|
|
suffer |
swergH |
sorry |
|
|
sulphur |
|
zolfo (Italian) |
|
|
sun |
sh2w-l/n- |
|
16501 , 16882 , 16883 , 16886 , 16888 , 16890 , 16898 , 16899 , 16901 |
|
sun |
sh2w-l/n- |
sol- (Germanic) |
|
|
sun |
sh2w-l/n- |
sunnon (Germanic) |
|
|
sun |
sh2w-l/n- |
hyalos (Greek, = rock crystal) |
|
|
sun |
sh2w-l/n- |
slUnIce (Slavonic) |
|
|
Sunday |
|
sunnuntai (Finnish, = Sunday) |
|
|
Sunday |
|
søndag (Danish) |
|
|
surpass, precede, win |
|
sbq (Arabic) |
|
|
swamp |
pel- |
|
|
|
swan |
|
n'oks'i (Proto-Finnic-Permian) |
|
|
swear |
h3emh |
|
|
|
sweet |
dluk-ú- |
|
|
|
swell |
h2eid |
|
|
|
swell, grow |
bHel- |
ball (English) |
|
|
swell, grow |
bHel- |
bullo:n (Germanic, = bull) |
|
|
swell, grow |
bHel- |
phallos (Greek, = penis) |
|
|
swell, grow |
bHelh1- |
bólna, bólnI (Slavonic, = outgrowth on a tree) |
|
|
swell, grow |
bHleh1- |
blow, blossom, bloom (English) |
|
|
swell, grow |
bHleh1- |
flos (Latin, = flower) |
|
|
swell |
pank, pang |
|
|
|
swim |
nah2- |
|
|
|
swim |
nah2to: |
|
|
|
swim |
pleu- |
pelagos (Greek, =?) |
|
|
swim |
pleu- |
|
|
|
swim |
pleu- |
plug (Russian, = plough) |
Web page last updated 15 December 2019. Index last updated 8 August 2003.
Faults may be reported to Richard Wordingham. Broken links and unreadable pages will be dealt with urgently. Indexing errors have much lower priority. Before reporting omissions, please check that the message is not listed in the list of Unindexed Messages.