Messages 7100-9652 and 14000-18238 are indexed here. See Unindexed Messages for exceptions.
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|
Sound Change |
Scope |
|
|---|---|---|
|
e: > ik |
Rhaeto-Romance |
|
|
ae > e: | k_ |
Romance |
|
|
di- > j- |
Romance |
|
|
g > Ø |
Romance |
|
|
k>c |
Romance |
|
|
kw > k |
Romance |
|
|
oe > e: |
Romance |
|
|
oe > e: | k_ |
Romance |
|
|
Palatalisation |
Romance |
|
|
ske >, ski > |
Romance |
|
|
v > b | #_ |
Romance |
|
|
h > Ø |
Romance |
|
|
w > v |
Romance |
|
|
b > v |
Romance |
|
|
ae > E |
Romance |
|
|
au > au |
Romance, Eastern |
|
|
e > E |
Romance |
|
|
e: > e |
Romance |
|
|
i > e |
Romance |
|
|
i: > i |
Romance |
|
|
o > O |
Romance, Eastern |
|
|
o: > o |
Romance, Eastern |
|
|
-s > -i |
Romance, Eastern |
14398 , 14414 , 14418 , 14426 , 14439 , 14550 , 14650
|
|
u > u |
Romance, Eastern |
|
|
u: > u |
Romance, Eastern |
|
|
au > O (sporadic) |
Romance, Western |
|
|
o > O |
Romance, Western |
|
|
o: > o |
Romance, Western |
|
|
u > o |
Romance, Western |
|
|
u: > u |
Romance, Western |
|
|
a > ä | _C(C)i# |
Romanian |
|
|
a > â | nC |
Romanian |
|
|
a > e after palatal |
Romanian |
|
|
a > ä (unstressed) |
Romanian |
|
|
a > e (unstressed, after palatal) |
Romanian |
|
|
a > â | _N |
Romanian |
|
|
cl > chi |
Romanian |
|
|
di > dZ |
Romanian |
|
|
dz > z |
Romanian |
|
|
e > ã | {labial}_(C)u |
Romanian |
|
|
e > I | _nC |
Romanian |
|
|
E > e | _nc |
Romanain |
|
|
e > ie |
Romanian |
|
|
e > iea / '_C©[e|a] |
Romanian |
|
|
e: > ea / '_C©[e|a] |
Romanian |
|
|
ea > a | P_ |
Romanian |
|
|
ea > e / _Cne |
Romanian, Northern |
|
|
-ella > -ea |
Romanian |
|
|
en > in |
Romanian |
|
|
en > în (unstressed) |
Romanian |
|
|
En > ien |
Romanian |
|
|
-ge-, -gi- > S |
Romanian |
|
|
gn > mn |
Romanian |
|
|
i > a (composite rule) |
Romanian |
|
|
i > 1 | _NC |
Romanian |
|
|
i > ^ (final, unstressed) |
Romanian |
|
|
iea > ia / s_ |
Romanian |
|
|
iea > ia | _C©[e|a] |
Romanian |
|
|
iea > ia |
Romanian |
|
|
in > în |
Romanian |
|
|
kl > ki |
Romanian |
|
|
ks > ps |
Romanian |
|
|
kt > pt |
Romanian |
|
|
kw > p |
Romanian |
|
|
kwe > ke |
Romanian |
|
|
li > i | _V |
Romanian |
|
|
o > oa / _C©[e|a] |
Romanian |
|
|
o > u (unstressed) |
Romanian |
|
|
o > u | _nC |
Romanian |
|
|
l > r |
Romanian |
|
|
n > r |
Romanian |
|
|
r > n |
Romanian |
|
|
ri > rî |
Romanian |
|
|
ll > r |
Romanian |
|
|
ll > l |
Romanian |
|
|
a > o |
Romanian |
|
|
st > St | _e |
Romanian |
|
|
st > St | _I |
Romanian |
|
|
stS > St |
Romanian |
15326 , 15334 , 15336 , 15341 , 15369 , 15378 , 15406 , 15409 |
|
t > tz / i, j |
Romanian |
14579 , 15440 , 15441 , 15446 , 15458 , 15462 , 16972 , 16973 , 16984 , 17016 , 17175 , 17291 |
|
ky, ty > tz or tS |
Romanian |
|
|
bl > b (no!) |
Romanian |
|
|
rl > l |
Romanian |
|
|
ps > s | "V |
Romanian |
|
|
u > i after palatal |
Romanian |
|
|
u > 0 | _# |
Romanian |
|
|
ks > S | #_ |
Romanian (via substrate) |
|
|
dZ > Z |
Romanian subdialects |
|
|
g^ > dZ |
Romanian subdialects |
|
|
k, t > k^ | _{e,I} (TBC) |
Romanian subdialects |
|
|
p > k^ | _{e,I} (TBC) |
Romanian subdialects |
|
|
sk > Sk | _{e,I} |
Romanian subdialects |
|
|
sl > skl |
Romanian subdialects |
|
|
Fricative /G/ <-> /v/ |
Russian |
|
|
g > h or G |
Russian (dialects) |
|
|
Bartholomae's Law |
Sanskrit |
|
|
l.d > ud. |
Sanskrit |
|
|
Brugmann's law |
Sanskrit |
|
|
Grassmann's Law |
Sanskrit |
|
|
h2 (vocalic) > hi |
Sanskrit |
|
|
ks > ks. |
Sanskrit |
|
|
mr > br |
Sanskrit |
|
|
S > s. |
Sanskrit |
|
|
St > s.t. |
Sanskrit |
|
|
Szeremény lengthening (morphological o > a:) |
Sanskrit |
|
|
VzC > V?C |
Sanskrit |
|
|
rh1 > i:r / u:r | -C_C- |
Sanskrit |
|
|
& > i |
Sanskrit |
|
|
Palatalisation |
Sanskrit |
|
|
ae > e |
Sardinian |
|
|
au > a |
Sardinian |
|
|
e > e |
Sardinian |
|
|
e: > e |
Sardinian |
|
|
I > I |
Sardinian |
|
|
I: > I |
Sardinian |
|
|
kW > p |
Sardinian |
|
|
o > o |
Sardinian |
|
|
o: > o |
Sardinian |
|
|
u > u |
Sardinian |
|
|
u: > u |
Sardinian |
|
|
kW > k |
Satem |
|
|
sk > S |
Scandinavian |
|
|
er > re / r(I)je / ri |
Serbo-Croat |
|
|
b > ?b |
Sindhi |
|
|
-dm- > -m- |
Slavonic |
|
|
-e:r > I |
Slavonic |
|
|
ge > z^e |
Slavonic |
|
|
S (Germanic) > x (Slavonic) (No!) |
|
|
|
Latin, Greek f > Slav p |
|
|
|
I, U > Ø |
Slavonic |
|
|
Havlík's law |
Slavonic, some |
|
|
f > h |
Sardinian |
|
|
k > b, k > v (No!) |
Slavonic |
|
|
kt > t |
Slavonic |
|
|
kti > tjI |
Slavonic |
|
|
Liquid metathesis (generally) |
Slavonic |
|
|
-o:n > y |
Slavonic |
|
|
-o:r > y |
Slavonic |
|
|
o~ > u |
Slavonic (most) |
|
|
r. > Ir or Ur |
Slavonic |
|
|
r. > various |
Slavonic |
|
|
RUKI |
Slavonic |
|
|
-tm- > -dm- (?) |
Slavonic |
|
|
-tn- > -n- |
Slavonic |
|
|
V > V: | _{b,d,g,j} Winter's law (TBC) |
Slavonic |
|
|
Dybo's law |
Slavonic |
|
|
Stang's law |
Slavonic |
|
|
-sy- > -s- |
Slavonic |
|
|
0 > h, w | #_ |
Slavonic |
|
|
s > h | _# |
Slavonic |
|
|
o~ > o |
Slovene |
|
|
ol > la |
South Slavic |
|
|
e > Ø | _# |
Spanish |
|
|
f > h > Ø |
Spanish |
|
|
Ø > e | p_# |
Spanish |
|
|
VsC > V?C |
Spanish |
|
|
w > B > b |
Spanish |
|
|
L > j |
Spanish dialects |
|
|
g~ > m |
Sumerian |
|
|
g > j |
Swedish |
|
|
k > ç |
Swedish |
|
|
d > t |
Thracian |
|
|
di > z |
Thracian |
|
|
g^H > z |
Thracian |
|
|
k^w > sb |
Thracian |
|
|
kW > p (No!) |
Thracian |
|
|
w > b |
Thracian |
|
|
kW > k |
Thracian |
|
|
p, b, bH > p |
Tocharian |
|
|
t, d, dH > t No! |
Tocharian |
|
|
k, g, gH > k |
Tocharian |
|
|
i > y |
Ukrainian |
|
|
o > i |
Ukrainian |
|
|
e > i |
Ukrainian |
|
|
g > G or h |
Ukrainian |
|
|
g > h |
Upper Sorbian |
Web page last updated 15 December 2019. Index last updated 8 August 2003.
Faults may be reported to Richard Wordingham. Broken links and unreadable pages will be dealt with urgently. Indexing errors have much lower priority. Before reporting omissions, please check that the message is not listed in the list of Unindexed Messages.